Antiviral Activity of 10-Carboxymethyl-9-Acridanone

Abstract

Intraperitoneal administration of 10-carboxymethyl-9-acridanone sodium salt (CMA) protected at least 50% of mice tested from otherwise lethal infections with Semliki forest, coxsackie B1, Columbia SK, Western equine encephalitis, herpes simplex, and pseudorabies viruses. The protective effect against influenza A2/Asian/J305 and coxsackie A21 viruses was less but was statistically significant. When administered either subcutaneously or orally, CMA protected at least 50% of mice against Semliki forest and pseudorabies viruses; the effect against coxsackie B1 and herpes simplex viruses was less but was statistically significant. Initiation of treatment could be delayed from 2 to 24 h after infection of mice with coxsackie B1, herpes simplex, Semliki forest, and Western equine encephalitis viruses without loss of an antiviral effect. CMA did not inactivate Semliki forest or coxsackie B1 viruses on contact and was without effect against any of the viruses tested in tissue culture by the tube dilution assay. The humoral antibody response in mice to both influenza virus and sheep erythrocytes was unaffected by CMA. After administration of CMA, an interferon-like substance was induced in mice or mouse cell culture but not in rabbits or rabbit cell culture.

Tilorone: a Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Invented in the USA and Commercialized in Russia and beyond

“…Several recent articles have focused on repurposing of other classes of drugs in order to identify novel broad spectrum antivirals (49-51) and a few of these were found to impact viral entry (51). In addition, there are other broad spectrum antiviral drugs approved in Russia or elsewhere which may also be worthy of further assessment globally such as arbidol (52), triazavirin (53), cycloferon (54) and Kagocel (55). Tilorone is already an antiviral drug which we have barely begun to exploit since its development 50 years ago and with recent discoveries it has revealed a little more on its potential antiviral mechanism and several additional activities.…”

Cytotoxic Acridone Alkaloids from the Stem Bark ofCitrus Maxima

“…These compounds are reported to show inhibitory effects on EBV-EA for antitumor promoting activity, 1 and cytotoxic, 2 antiviral, 3 and antimalarial 4 activities. Recently, acridones have attracted broad attention as components of photosensitizers used in photodynamic therapy, a newly introduced cancer treatment.…”

Species-specific detection of the antiviral small-molecule compound CMA by STING

“…Subsequently, additional heterocyclic compounds were reported to induce type I IFNs, including various quinoline, anthraquinone and acridine derivatives. Another structurally related molecule that even surpassed most of these compounds in antiviral activity was 10‐carboxymethyl‐9‐acridanone (CMA), discovered by Grunberg and colleagues, 1976. CMA was shown to harbour potent antiviral activity and this could be mainly ascribed to its ability to induce type I IFN production (Taylor et al , 1980b; Kramer et al , 1981; Storch and Kirchner, 1982; Brehm et al , 1986; Storch et al , 1986).…”