Antiviral Activities of Sulfated Polysaccharides Isolated from Sphaerococcus coronopifolius (Rhodophytha, Gigartinales) and Boergeseniella thuyoides (Rhodophyta, Ceramiales)

Abstract

Water-soluble sulfated polysaccharides isolated from two red algae Sphaerococcus coronopifolius (Gigartinales, Sphaerococcaceae) and Boergeseniella thuyoides (Ceramiales, Rhodomelaceae) collected on the coast of Morocco inhibited in vitro replication of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) at 12.5 μg/mL. In addition, polysaccharides were capable of inhibiting the in vitro replication of Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) on Vero cells values of EC50 of 4.1 and 17.2 μg/mL, respectively. The adsorption step of HSV-1 to the host cell seems to be the specific target for polysaccharide action. While for HIV-1, these results suggest a direct inhibitory effect on HIV-1 replication by controlling the appearance of the new generations of virus and potential virucidal effect. The polysaccharides from S. coronopifolius (PSC) and B. thuyoides (PBT) were composed of galactose, 3,6-anhydrogalactose, uronics acids, sulfate in ratios of 33.1, 11.0, 7.7 and 24.0% (w/w) and 25.4, 16.0, 3.2, 7.6% (w/w), respectively.

Exopolysaccharide and lactic acid bacteria: Perception, functionality and prospects

“…Also these oligosaccharides have shown better diffusion ability in blood when fed in the experimental rats with oral heparin (Li et al, 2011). This study confirmed that oligosaccharide polymers such as dextrans possessing sulfate group might serve as natural alternatives in antiviral therapy leading to proper utilization of these inexpensive polysaccharides found abundantly in nature (Bouhlal et al, 2011). However, presence of other functional group other than sulfate might also have possibilities on the efficiency and antiviral properties of other types of polysaccharides.…”

“…This study revealed that protein bound polysaccharide may exert its partial antiviral mode of action against herpes simplex virus-2 virus via binding the glycoproteins of herpes simplex virus-2 virus to protein bound polysaccharide which may interfere at the initial state of virus replication or release of any virions. Similarly the sulfated polysaccharides dextran sulphate and heparin showed remarkable antiviral activity via their interaction with virus particle attachment to the host cell (Bouhlal et al, 2011). In addition, other sulfated polysaccharides including pentosan, polysulphate, sulphated cyclodextrins, xylofuranan sulphate, ribofuranan sulphate and mannan sulphate have also been found to exhibit inhibition of viral replication process for herpes simplex virus, human cytomegalo virus and human immunodeficiency virus (Bouhlal et al, 2011).…”

“…Similarly the sulfated polysaccharides dextran sulphate and heparin showed remarkable antiviral activity via their interaction with virus particle attachment to the host cell (Bouhlal et al, 2011). In addition, other sulfated polysaccharides including pentosan, polysulphate, sulphated cyclodextrins, xylofuranan sulphate, ribofuranan sulphate and mannan sulphate have also been found to exhibit inhibition of viral replication process for herpes simplex virus, human cytomegalo virus and human immunodeficiency virus (Bouhlal et al, 2011).…”

“…Polymers of exopolysaccharide have shown potent antiviral effects, however, concerns have been raised on their acceptability due to their being relatively large molecular weight compounds and with a phenomenon that they block virus attachment, an unfavorable step in antiviral therapy, making them the molecules of uncertainty that they could pass through the different barriers of the body even cell membrane (Bouhlal et al, 2011). Large polymer molecules might be difficult to penetrate to certain extent when using in topical application for the treatment of specific cutaneous herpes simplex virus-1 viral infections, small oligosaccharide polymers such as dextran sulfate have ability to pass through easily from different body barriers.…”

Biological potential of marine macroalgae of the genusCystoseira

“…Among the marine organisms, the macroalgae (seaweeds) occupy an important place as a source of biomedical compounds [27]. Marine macroalgae are the most interesting algae group because of their broad spectrum of biological activities such as antimicrobial [9], anti-allergic [17], anticoagulant [4], cytotoxic [27], antiviral [3] and antioxidant activities [27]. As an aid to protect themselves against other organisms in their surrounding, macroalgae produce a wide variety of chemically active metabolites that have a broad range of biological activities.…”