Antivascular Endothelial Growth Factors for Inflammatory Chorioretinal Disorders

Abstract

Macular edema (ME) and choroidal neovascularization (CNV) can complicate the course of several inflammatory chorioretinal diseases, leading to a severe visual function impairment. The most frequently involved clinical entities include for example multifocal choroiditis, presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome, Beçhet's disease, multiple evanescent white dot syndrome, birdshot chorioretinopathy, acute multifocal posterior placoid pigment epitheliopathy, serpiginous choroiditis, and persistent placoid maculopathy. Results that have reported on antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment in uveitic patients with CNV or ME have demonstrated positive results in many cases. However, bearing in mind that it has been proven impossible to perform randomized clinical trials with anti-VEGF in uveitic patients with CNV or ME, further studies with longer follow-ups are necessary to assess the value of this therapeutic approach.

Cytokine and chemokine tear levels in patients with uveitis

“…In fact, anti‐VEGF drugs have already proven to be effective on the treatment of uveitic macular oedema and in inflammatory choroidal neovascularization (Battaglia Parodi et al. ; Ossewaarde‐van Norel & Rothova ). IP‐10/CXCL10 has also been involved in the pathogenesis of ocular Behcet's disease (Ambrose et al.…”

Serpiginous Choroiditis and Infectious Multifocal Serpiginoid Choroiditis

“…Choroidal neovascularization secondary to SC responds well to the conventional dosage of intravitreal ranibizumab (0.5 mg/0.05ml) and bevacizumab (1.25 mg/0.05 ml or 2.5 mg/0.1 ml). 16,19,83,145,162 The antiangiogenic effects are transient, and repeated injections are needed in most cases. 83 Although the data on appropriate dosing and frequency of anti-VEGF injection in patients with SC is limited, the same protocol used in the management of multifocal choroiditis complicated with CNV can be used in SC patients presenting with CNV.…”

Intravitreal Aflibercept as an Adjunct to Systemic Therapy in a Case of Choroidal Neovascular Membrane Associated with Sympathetic Ophthalmia

“…13,14  The presence of Dalen-Fuchs nodules may be the cause of the disruption of the Bruch’s membrane in eyes with SO. 7 …”