Antitumor Drugs and Their Targets

Abstract

Through novel methodologies, including both basic and clinical research, progress has been made in the therapy of solid cancer. Recent innovations in anticancer therapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitor biologics, therapeutic vaccines, small drugs, and CAR-T cell injections, mark a new epoch in cancer research, already known for faster (epi-)genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. As the long-sought after personalization of cancer therapies comes to fruition, the need to evaluate all current therapeutic possibilities and select the best for each patient is of paramount importance. This is a novel task for medical care that deserves prominence in therapeutic considerations in the future. This is because cancer is a complex genetic disease. In its deadly form, metastatic cancer, it includes altered genes (and their regulators) that encode ten hallmarks of cancer-independent growth, dodging apoptosis, immortalization, multidrug resistance, neovascularization, invasiveness, genome instability, inflammation, deregulation of metabolism, and avoidance of destruction by the immune system. These factors have been known targets for many anticancer drugs and treatments, and their modulation is a therapeutic goal, with the hope of rendering solid cancer a chronic rather than deadly disease. In this article, the current therapeutic arsenal against cancers is reviewed with a focus on immunotherapies.

Cell-Free Supernatant of Odoribacter splanchnicus Isolated From Human Feces Exhibits Anti-colorectal Cancer Activity

“…Because cancer cells are highly proliferative, anti-proliferative activity has been investigated as one of the major targets in the development of anti-cancer drugs ( Dembic, 2020 ). For instance, the anti-proliferative activities of traditional herbal and marine derivative products were screened to assess their potential anti-cancer effects and consequently develop anti-cancer drugs ( da Silva et al, 2019 ; Cui et al, 2020 ).…”

Chirality in Anticancer Agents

“…Rapidly expanding knowledge about cancer biology has led to the discovery of entirely new and more cancer specific targets (e.g. growth factor receptors, intracelluar signaling pathways, epigenic processes, tumor vascularity, DNA repairs effect, and cell death pathway [15].…”

Corneo-Uveal-Retinal Adverse Effects after Single Course of Targeted Anti-Cancer Therapy: Case Report and Review of Literature

“…Cancer is also a major public health problem with large economic impact, estimated in 2010 to represent approximately $1.16 trillion USD annually [2]. approved clinical trials (in phase II and III) investigating a diverse array of cancer treatments [3].…”