Antitumor and Immunomodulatory Activities ofGanoderma lucidumPolysaccharides in Glioma-Bearing Rats

Abstract

Malignant gliomas are the most common brain tumors with high rates of recurrence and mortality. Novel approaches are in research, and immunotherapy emerges as a promising strategy. Recently, scientific attention has been focused on Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GL-PS), one of the critical bioactive components of G lucidum, which have been recognized as a promising natural source of immunomodulatory and anticancer compounds. It remains unknown whether the GL-PS have any immunomodulatory and anticancer effects on brain glioma. This study was designed to identify and characterize the antitumor action and influence of immune system of GL-PS in glioma-bearing rats. Results showed that GL-PS increased the concentration of serum interleukin-2, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ, and enhanced the cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells and T cells, promoting the functional maturation of dendritic cells, thus resulting in the inhibition of glioma growth and prolonged survival of rats. Therefore, GL-PS may be potentially useful as part of the treatment regimen to regulate host immune responses and increase the antitumor effects of immunotherapy for glioma.

Carboxymethylated Sulfated Heteroexopolysaccharide from a Haloarchaeal Strain as Potential Biomolecule for Harmless Adjuvant Therapy in Cancer Treatment

“…Microbial exopolysaccharides (mEPS), composed of numerous monosaccharide units linked by glycosidic bonds in linear or branched chains, are considered as one class of these active biomacromolecules. mEPS are recognized as important biological response modifiers [1,2]. eir biological activities are greatly influenced by their characteristics such as molecular weight, charge density, monosaccharide composition, acidic fraction, types of glycosidic linkage, and substitution groups [3][4][5].…”

“…eir biological activities are greatly influenced by their characteristics such as molecular weight, charge density, monosaccharide composition, acidic fraction, types of glycosidic linkage, and substitution groups [3][4][5]. Specifically, sulfated polysaccharides have been proved to possess potent antitumor and antioxidant activities that made them gain increasing attention as potential new natural therapeutic materials and good substitutes for synthetic agents [1,4]. It has been found that mEPS produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens show significant therapeutic activities against gastric tumors [4].…”

“…However, because of the controversy surrounding their safety and carcinogenic potential [16,17], there is a growing demand for natural molecules with similar antioxidant and antifatigue effectiveness [18,19]. In this context, some mEPS have demonstrated an important role as natural free radical scavengers for the prevention of oxidative damage and fatigue [1]. e present study illustrates for the first time the benefits of using a natural carboxymethylated sulfated polysaccharides, produced by a haloarchaeal strain, Halogeometricum borinquense 52, isolated from a Tunisian atypical environment, as antioxidant, antifatigue, and antitumor adjuvants in cancer therapy.…”

Cyclocarya paliurus Polysaccharide Inhibits Glioma Cell U251 Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion and Promotes Apoptosis via the GSK3β/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway

“…The polysaccharide is the main active ingredient of Cyclocarya paliurus [14]. Polysaccharides, as natural biological macromolecules, have a variety of biological activities and are closely related to the maintenance of biological processes, for example, fungi and Ganoderma, which have inhibitory effects on tumor cells [17,18]. There are few studies on the antitumor effect of CPP.…”

Connection of Ganoderma Lucidum with Health

“…64,66 In studies investigating G. lucidum spores and β-glucagon effects in rats, it has been reported that they inhibit inflammatory markers and tumor cells and increase survival of rats. 5,62,67,68 Different results can be obtained depending on the cell type in studies performed in cancer cells. Ruan et al conducted a study on different cancer cells have reported that HepG2 cells do not induce apoptosis, although they cause apoptosis in HeLa and Caco-2 cells.…”