Antitumor and Antiviral Substances from Fungi

Jong, S. C.; Donovick, Richard

doi:10.1016/s0065-2164(08)70319-8

Cited by 91 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 248 publications

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“…3,4 In the most recent two decades, SPG has attracted more and more attention due to its interesting molecular conformation and potential antitumor or antiviral properties. 5,6 In aqueous solutions, SPG possesses a very stiff triple-helical conformation. On this basis SPG is commonly used as a molecular model for the rod-like or stiff worm-like chain behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological characterization of schizophyllan aqueous solutions after denaturation–renaturation treatment

2004

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Schizophyllan (SPG) with a molecular weight of 2.6x10(6), designated SPG-1, is denatured and then renatured at a concentration of 1.8 wt % by alkalization-neutralization. The prepared denatured-renatured samples (DRSPG-1) are diluted to various concentrations and equilibrated for 10 days before rheological and intrinsic viscosity measurements. When concentration (C(p)) is above 0.75 wt %, DRSPG-1 aqueous systems have weak gel-type rheological properties. However, for 0.28 wt %

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological characterization of schizophyllan aqueous solutions after denaturation–renaturation treatment

2004

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“…7,8) Cancer inhibition by mushrooms or mushrooms polysaccharides was generally achieved through activating the immune response of the host rather than by directly inhibiting tumor cell growth. However, in medical mushroom research, polysaccharide and polysaccharide-peptides are known active anticancer compounds isolated from medicinal mushrooms such as maitake (Grifola frondosa), shiitake (Lentinula edodes), turkey tail (Coriolus versicolor) and reishi (G. lucidum).…”

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confidence: 99%

Possible Involvement of Long Chain Fatty Acids in the Spores of <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i> (Reishi Houshi) to Its Anti-tumor Activity

Fukuzawa

Yamaguchi

Hide

et al. 2008

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum Reishi), a traditional Chinese medical fungus, has been used as a health-promoting supplement due to its anti-tumor and immuno-modulating effects. The major bioactive components in G. lucidum are reported to be polysaccharide [1][2][3] and gonoderic acid. 4)Traditionally, the fruiting body has been the only part of G. lucidum that is used for medical purposes. Recently, Sliva et al. have reported the extract of G. lucidum using boiling water suppresses the mobility of breast and prostate cancers by inhibiting nuclear factor (NF)-kB. 5,6) As G. lucidum is available as a dietary supplement in various forms (mushroom powder, purified whole spores, broken spores, or mixtures), they compared their biological activity on cell migration and inhibition of NF-kB in human cancer cells and concluded the spores also show strong activity against human cancer cell.6) The possible role of mushrooms to prevent cancer has been summarized in several reviews. 7,8) Cancer inhibition by mushrooms or mushrooms polysaccharides was generally achieved through activating the immune response of the host rather than by directly inhibiting tumor cell growth. However, in medical mushroom research, polysaccharide and polysaccharide-peptides are known active anticancer compounds isolated from medicinal mushrooms such as maitake (Grifola frondosa), shiitake (Lentinula edodes), turkey tail (Coriolus versicolor) and reishi (G. lucidum). 9,10)The polysaccharides and polysaccharide-peptides are generally thought to exert their anti-tumor effects via a systemic effect on immunity. There is an evidence that the glucanprotein complex induces biological responses by binding to membrane compartment receptor three (CR3, or CD11b/CD18) on immune effectors cells such as macrophages.11) Furthermore, recent research has demonstrated that some of these mushroom-derived materials can produce direct cytotoxic effects on cancer cells. 12,13) A purified fraction by HPLC from the spores of G. lucidum guided by the inhibitory activity on HL-60 cell proliferation showed biological activity contains a mixture of long chain fatty acids with molecular weights in the range of m/z 250.0 to m/z 296.4, although as yet these could not be unambiguously authenticated. Therefore, in this study, using several authentic fatty acids predicted from our analytical data, we have compared the effect of the spore extract of G. lucidum with those of several authentic fatty acids on the inhibitory activity of HL-60 cell proliferation and the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a mouse macrophage preparation. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe spores (100 g) of G. lucidum, cultured at the area of Dabieshan, Anhui, China from October 2003 to July 2004 (Lot AFA), kindly supplied from Isukura Co., Ltd. (Tokyo) were dissolved in five volumes of 95% ethanol in a sealed bag, shaken gently at room temperature for 24 h and centrifuged at 10000ϫg for 20 min. The solution was evaporated to dryness on a rotary evaporator. T...

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“…A large number of mushroom-derived compounds, both cellular components and secondary metabolites, have been shown to affect the immune system and could be used to treat a variety of disease states. Compounds that appear to enhance or potentate host resistance are being sought for the treatment of cancer, immunodeficiency diseases, or generalized immunosuppression after drug treatment (7).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of 26-Oxygenosterols from Ganoderma lucidum and Their Activity as Cholesterol Synthesis Inhibitors

Hajjaj

Macé

Roberts

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal fungus belonging to the Polyporaceae family which has long been known in Japan as Reishi and has been used extensively in traditional Chinese medicine. We report the isolation and identification of the 26-oxygenosterols ganoderol A, ganoderol B, ganoderal A, and ganoderic acid Y and their biological effects on cholesterol synthesis in a human hepatic cell line in vitro. We also investigated the site of inhibition in the cholesterol synthesis pathway. We found that these oxygenated sterols from G. lucidum inhibited cholesterol biosynthesis via conversion of acetate or mevalonate as a precursor of cholesterol. By incorporation of 24,25-dihydro-[24,25-3 H 2 ]lanosterol and [3-3 H]lathosterol in the presence of ganoderol A, we determined that the point of inhibition of cholesterol synthesis is between lanosterol and lathosterol. These results demonstrate that the lanosterol 14␣-demethylase, which converts 24,25-dihydrolanosterol to cholesterol, can be inhibited by the 26-oxygenosterols from G. lucidum. These 26-oxygenosterols could lead to novel therapeutic agents that lower blood cholesterol.

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Antitumor and Antiviral Substances from Fungi

Cited by 91 publications

References 248 publications

Rheological characterization of schizophyllan aqueous solutions after denaturation–renaturation treatment

Rheological characterization of schizophyllan aqueous solutions after denaturation–renaturation treatment

Possible Involvement of Long Chain Fatty Acids in the Spores of <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i> (Reishi Houshi) to Its Anti-tumor Activity

Effect of 26-Oxygenosterols from Ganoderma lucidum and Their Activity as Cholesterol Synthesis Inhibitors

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