Antitumor Activities of Kushen: Literature Review

Sun, Mingyu; Cao, Hongxin; Sun, Lin; Dong, Shu; Bian, Yanqin; Han, Jun; Zhang, Lijun; Ren, Shuang; Hu, Yiyang; Liu, Chenghai; Xu, Li; Liu, Ping

doi:10.1155/2012/373219

Cited by 82 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…These reports include using CKI to treat gastric cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, colorectal cancer and other cancer types [11] . Recently, the mechanisms of CKI used as anti-cancer therapy were investigated.…”

Section: Studies On Compound Kushen Injectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, it has synergistic and attenuation actions with anti-tumor agents in H22 and S180 cancer cells. The anti-tumor mechanisms of CKI may include: (1) increased protein expression of p16; (2) reduced unmethylated state of the p16 gene; (3) inhibited VEGF and MVD expression in neoplastic tissues; (4) decreased microvessel density [11,27,28] . Zhou et al [28] investigated the effects of CKI on gastric immunity and oxidantantioxidant status during N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced gastric carcinogenesis.…”

Section: Studies On Compound Kushen Injectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here we will introduce the anti-cancer effects of matrine and oxymatrine because there is little research about sophoridine. [11] . All of these studies indicated that matrine could inhibit cancer cell proliferation and induce apoptosis via different molecular pathways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anti-tumor activities of active ingredients in Compound Kushen Injection

Wang¹,

et al. 2015

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Kushen (Radix Sophorae Flavescentis) has a long history of use for the treatment of tumors, inflammation and other diseases in traditional Chinese medicine. Compound Kushen Injection (CKI) is a mixture of natural compounds extracted from Kushen and Baituling (Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae). The main principles of CKI are matrine (MT) and oxymatrine (OMT) that exhibit a variety of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-viral, anti-fibrotic and cardiovascular protective effects. Recent evidence shows that these compounds also produce anti-cancer actions, such as inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, inducing cell cycle arrest, accelerating apoptosis, restraining angiogenesis, inducing cell differentiation, inhibiting cancer metastasis and invasion, reversing multidrug resistance, and preventing or reducing chemotherapy-and/or radiotherapy-induced toxicity when combined with chemotherapeutic drugs. In this review, we summarize recent progress in studying the anti-cancer activities of MT, OMT and CKI and their potential molecular targets, which provide clues and references for further study.

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Section: Studies On Compound Kushen Injectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Studies On Compound Kushen Injectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anti-tumor activities of active ingredients in Compound Kushen Injection

Wang¹,

et al. 2015

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“…1) As a widely distributed and effective herbal medicine, it severed as a cure for asthma, sores, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, diarrhea, allergy, inflammation in eastern Asian countries. 2,3) Main chemical components of S. flavescens include flavonoids (1.5%), alkaloids (3.3%), alkylxanthones, quinones, triterpene glycosides, fatty acids as well as essential oils and recently, several clinical studies reported that alkaloids of S. flavescens were efficacious in treating various types of solid tumors (including breast, lung, liver and gastrointestinal tract cancers), which drew close attention to this traditional herbal plant.…”

Section: Sophora Flavescens Aiton Kuraramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,4) In 1889, the characteristic compound matrine was isolated from the dry roots of S. flavescens by Nagai 5) and then in 1966, Okuda et al confirmed the absolute structure of (+)-matrine.…”

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confidence: 99%

Transcriptome Analysis of Nine Tissues to Discover Genes Involved in the Biosynthesis of Active Ingredients in <i>Sophora flavescens</i>

Han

Takahashi

Nakamura

et al. 2015

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Sophora flavescens AITON kurara, has long been used to treat various diseases. Although several research findings revealed the biosynthetic pathways of its characteristic chemical components as represented by matrine, insufficient analysis of transcriptome data hampered in-depth analysis of the underlying putative genes responsible for the biosynthesis of pharmaceutical chemical components. In this study, more than 200 million fastq format reads were generated by Illumina's next-generation sequencing approach using nine types of tissue from S. flavescens, followed by CLC de novo assembly, ultimately yielding 83325 contigs in total. By mapping the reads back to the contigs, reads per kilobase of the transcript per million mapped reads values were calculated to demonstrate gene expression levels, and overrepresented gene ontology terms were evaluated using Fisher's exact test. In search of the putative genes relevant to essential metabolic pathways, all 1350 unique enzyme commission numbers were used to map pathways against the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. By analyzing expression patterns, we proposed some candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis of isoflavonoids and quinolizidine alkaloids. Adopting RNA-Seq analysis, we obtained substantially credible contigs for downstream work. The preferential expression of the gene for putative lysine/ornithine decarboxylase committed in the initial step of matrine biosynthesis in leaves and stems was confirmed in semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. The findings in this report may serve as a stepping-stone for further research into this promising medicinal plant.Key words Sophora flavescens; RNA-Seq analysis; biosynthesis; quinolizidine alkaloid; isoflavonoid Sophora flavescens AITON kurara, has been recorded and used for more than 1800 years. 1) As a widely distributed and effective herbal medicine, it severed as a cure for asthma, sores, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, diarrhea, allergy, inflammation in eastern Asian countries.2,3) Main chemical components of S. flavescens include flavonoids (1.5%), alkaloids (3.3%), alkylxanthones, quinones, triterpene glycosides, fatty acids as well as essential oils and recently, several clinical studies reported that alkaloids of S. flavescens were efficacious in treating various types of solid tumors (including breast, lung, liver and gastrointestinal tract cancers), which drew close attention to this traditional herbal plant. 1,4) In 1889, the characteristic compound matrine was isolated from the dry roots of S. flavescens by Nagai 5) and then in 1966, Okuda et al. confirmed the absolute structure of (+)-matrine.6) Due to its notable medicinal efficacy, attempts to synthesize and biosynthesize matrine were conducted. [7][8][9] In 1995, Saito et al. proposed the biosynthetic pathway of the carbon framework of matrine. 10) Although the first steps of quinolizidine alkaloids biosynthesis have been elucidated recently in S. flavescens, 11) more effort needs to be done to puzzle out the practical biosyn...

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Oxymatrine attenuates sepsis‐induced inflammation and organ injury via inhibition of HMGB1/RAGE/NF‐κB signaling pathway

He,

Qin,

Jiang

et al. 2024

Drug Development Research

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Sepsis is a life‐threatening organ dysfunction that endangers patient lives and is caused by an imbalance in the host defense against infection. Sepsis continues to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in critically sick patients. Oxymatrine (OMT), a quinolizidine alkaloid derived from the traditional Chinese herb Sophora flavescens Aiton, has been shown to have anti‐inflammatory effects on a number of inflammatory illnesses according to research. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of OMT on sepsis and explore the underlying mechanisms. We differentiated THP‐1 cells into THP‐1 macrophages and studied the anti‐inflammatory mechanism of OMT in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced THP‐1 macrophage sepsis model. Activation of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), as well as NF‐κB, was assessed by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining. ELISA was used to measure the levels of inflammatory factors. We found that OMT significantly inhibited HMGB1‐mediated RAGE/NF‐κB activation and downstream inflammatory cytokine production in response to LPS stimulation. Finally, an in vivo experiment was performed on septic mice to further study the effect of OMT on injured organs. The animal experiments showed that OMT significantly inhibited HMGB1‐mediated RAGE/NF‐κB activation, protected against the inflammatory response and organ injury induced by CLP, and prolonged the survival rate of septic mice. Herein, we provide evidence that OMT exerts a significant therapeutic effect on sepsis by inhibiting the HMGB1/RAGE/NF‐κB signaling pathway.

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Antitumor Activities of Kushen: Literature Review

Cited by 82 publications

References 40 publications

Anti-tumor activities of active ingredients in Compound Kushen Injection

Anti-tumor activities of active ingredients in Compound Kushen Injection

Transcriptome Analysis of Nine Tissues to Discover Genes Involved in the Biosynthesis of Active Ingredients in <i>Sophora flavescens</i>

Oxymatrine attenuates sepsis‐induced inflammation and organ injury via inhibition of HMGB1/RAGE/NF‐κB signaling pathway

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