Antitrust public choice(s)

Abstract

Antitrust, Public choice, Real business cycles, D72, L40, K21, E61,

Competition Law Enforcement in the BRICS and in Developing Countries

“…There has been a great deal of efforts in the past 20 years to promote substantial convergence among competition authorities and this effort has largely succeeded in bringing about a common understanding of what competition analysis entails and to develop best practices. (2010, March). Many questions raised by officials in charge of establishing or upgrading competition authorities have been answered through various programs of technical assistance on the basis of the experience of more established competition authorities rather than on the basis of a careful analysis of the local circumstances and of the particularly important tradeoffs faced by the countries requesting this assistance.…”

“…Article 1 of Korea's Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act (MRFTA) 14 states that "The purpose of this Act is stimulate the creative initiative of enterprisers, to protect consumers, and to strive for the balanced development of the national economy by promoting fair and free competition through the prevention of the abuse of market dominance and excessive concentration of economic power by enterprisers and through regulation of improper concerted practices and unfair trade practices". Article 1 of Korea's Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act (MRFTA) 14 states that "The purpose of this Act is stimulate the creative initiative of enterprisers, to protect consumers, and to strive for the balanced development of the national economy by promoting fair and free competition through the prevention of the abuse of market dominance and excessive concentration of economic power by enterprisers and through regulation of improper concerted practices and unfair trade practices".…”

“…Our understanding is that the system allows a more developed country to issue a compulsory license exclusively to export (to a developing or least-developed country), keeping its domestic prices for that drug unaffected. The WTO website, citing a 2003 General Council Chairperson's statement, 14 lists a couple of initiatives by particular laboratories in a sort of anti-diversion best practices guidelines. By this we mean the cases in which any country (developed or not) could reasonably issue a compulsory license, such as the USA during the 2001 Anthrax crisis.…”

“…Some of the key cases in the EU include the Impala judgment (overturning the Court of First Instance decision on the Sony/ BMG merger), where the European Court of Justice endorsed the economic model 14 17 The OFT is a decision-making body and not a prosecuting authority. The role of the Chief Economist office has significantly been enhanced following a spate of criticisms on the EU's decisions' lack of economic rigor.…”

“…A third market for servicing was also suggested. 14 The 'systems market' definition put forward by the car manufacturers where car parts are part of the primary market was considered unsustainable in India as the Indian consumer: (1) is not in the know the costs of spare parts to do a whole life costing; Culpability as per the Order was in the separate 'aftermarket' and as stated in the Order 11 (Case No, 3/2011, Shamsher Kataria v Honda Siel andOrs., dated 25/8/ 2015) refers to markets for complementary goods and services such as spare parts , maintenance, upgrades and replacement parts that a consumer requires after purchase of the car.…”