Antisymmetrized Version of Molecular Dynamics with Two-Nucleon Collisions and Its Application to Heavy Ion Reactions

Alpha-cluster model of atomic nuclei

“…These additional terms cause that nucleonic clusters, with an enlarged binding energy, appear in the ground-state configurations. These clusters have full spin-isospin symmetry similarly as in [8] and in [7]. For n-alpha nuclei these clusters can be identified as alpha-like structures.…”

“…5. Some discrepancies can be still noticed especially for 8 Be for which the distance between the alpha particles is pretty small and much smaller than d 0 in the harmonic potential description. Again, the properties of particles up to 4 He are reproduced perfectly well, because they served as the constraints to fix the EoS parameters.…”

“…In the case of the fermionic systems one should use an antisymmetric wave function which is a serious difficulty in the description of the collision dynamics. Some proposals to solve this problem are shown for instance in [7][8][9]. Other approaches, introducing some kinds of momentum-dependent Pauli potentials and Pauli-blocking schemes, which are meant to mimic the effects of antisymmetrization and are much less time consuming, are also proposed, see, e.g., [10][11][12][13][14].…”

“…This assumption may not be valid for more complex systems in which mutually interacting clusters can be formed, e.g., for 8 Be → α-α or 6 Li → α-d. For such systems one can expect additional interactions between clusters due to the specific many-body forces. The mean value of the Hamiltonian (16) depends on 13 parameters: 12 parameters of the field ε(r) plus the surface tension parameter λ.…”

“…After fixing the 13 parameters of the liquid-drop-like Hamiltonian (16), the additional four parameters of the α-α interaction, μ, ν, d 0 and κ, have been fixed by fitting the ground-state binding energies and rms radii of the nuclei from 8 Be up to 40 Ca. Here, in addition, the structural constraints i)-iii) have been imposed in the fitting routine, meaning that only the widths of the nucleon wave packets and the inter-α-like clusters distances could be varied, preserving the imposed configuration.…”