Antisocial behaviour and psychopathy: Uncovering the externalizing link in the P3 modulation

Pasion, Rita; Fernandes, Carina; Pereira, Mariana R.; Barbosa, Fernando

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.03.012

Cited by 40 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…The argumentations proposed by M&C seem confirmed by previous studies that have investigated cognition and behavior in children and adult patients exhibiting antisocial behavior such as those observed in conduct disorder (CD) or antisocial personality disorder (APD). It has indeed been reported that these individuals show repeated violations of rules, deceitful behavior, aggressive and destructive behavior, and, in particular, a tendency for antisocial lying (i.e., deception for personal gain) and minimizing antisocial behavior (Holmqvist 2008;Iñiguez et al 2014;Jiang et al 2013;Pasion et al 2017;Searight et al 2001;Talwar & Crossman 2011). Despite being able to identify others' thoughts, desires, and beliefs, subjects with antisocial behavior, such as those documented in CD and APD, may demonstrate a poor ability to understand emotions of others and to recognize inner cognitive beliefs and moral rules (so-called theory of nasty minds; Happe & Frith 1996;Lonigro et al 2014).…”

Section: Jean-louis Dessallesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Why do we remember? The communicative function of episodic memory

Mahr¹,

Csibra²

2017

Behav Brain Sci

220

152

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Short Abstract-We propose a novel account of episodic memory function based on a conceptual and empirical analysis of its role in belief formation. We provide a critique of the view that episodic memory serves future-directed imagination, and argue that the central features of this capacity can instead be explained by the role it plays in human communication. On this view, episodic memory allows us to communicatively support our interpretations of the past by gauging when we can assert epistemic authority. This capacity is ineliminable in justification of, and negotiations about, social commitments established by past interactions.Long Abstract-Episodic memory has been analyzed in a number of different ways in both philosophy and psychology, and most controversy has centered on its self-referential, 'autonoetic' character. Here, we offer a comprehensive characterization of episodic memory in representational terms, and propose a novel functional account on this basis. We argue that episodic memory should be understood as a distinctive epistemic attitude taken towards an event simulation. On this view, episodic memory has a metarepresentational format and should not be equated with beliefs about the past. Instead, empirical findings suggest that the contents of human episodic memory are often constructed in the service of the explicit justification of such beliefs. Existing accounts of episodic memory function that have focused on explaining its constructive character through its role in 'future-oriented mental time travel' neither do justice to its capacity to ground veridical beliefs about the past nor to its representational format. We provide an account of the metarepresentational structure of episodic memory in terms of its role in communicative interaction. The generative nature of recollection allows us to represent and communicate the reasons for why we hold certain beliefs about the past. In this process, autonoesis corresponds to the capacity to determine when and how to assert epistemic authority in making claims about the past. A domain where such claims are indispensable are human social engagements. Such engagements commonly require the justification of entitlements and obligations, which is often possible only by explicit reference to specific past events.

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Section: Jean-louis Dessallesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Why do we remember? The communicative function of episodic memory

Mahr¹,

Csibra²

2017

Behav Brain Sci

220

152

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“…Our study adds evidence on the opposite pattern for the disinhibition phenotype. Previously studies on P3 – a neurophysiological correlate of updating – reported P3 blunted amplitude in individuals scoring high on impulsive and antisocial traits of psychopathy ( Carlson et al, 2009 ; Carlson and Thái, 2010 ; Pasion et al, 2017 ). Our results seem to be capturing this effect at a behavioral level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In line with the abovementioned studies ( Hansen et al, 2007 ; Sellbom and Verona, 2007 ), boldness emerged as a predictor of updating. For instance, P3 amplitude is also found to be increased in fearlessness-related traits, as boldness ( Pasion et al, 2017 ). The trend for a dissociable effect with disinhibition strengths the assumption that boldness is an adaptive phenotype, by explaining improved ability to encode and manipulate relevant information in the working memory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, boldness is considered a critical trait to differentiate the positive adjustment features of psychopathy from antisocial behavior ( Wall et al, 2015 ). Boldness seems to constitute an adaptive feature on daily life, given the ability of individuals who score high on boldness to remain calm and concentrated in stressful situations, and to quickly recover from such events ( Patrick et al, 2005 , 2009 ; Kennealy et al, 2010 ; Stanley et al, 2013 ; Venables et al, 2014 ; Patrick and Drislane, 2015 ; Pasion et al, 2016 , 2017 ). Moreover, boldness entails high self-assurance and social efficacy, tolerance for unfamiliarity and danger, social dominance, thrill seeking without anticipatory fear, and emotional resiliency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dissociable Effects of Psychopathic Traits on Executive Functioning: Insights From the Triarchic Model

2018

Self Cite

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The relationship between executive functioning and psychopathy lacks consistent findings. The heterogeneity of the psychopathic personality structure may contribute to the mixed data that emerged from clinical-categorical approaches. Considering the link between antisocial behavior and executive dysfunction from the perspective of the Triarchic Model of Psychopathy, it is suggested that executive impairments in psychopathy are specifically explained by meanness and disinhibition traits, reflecting externalizing vulnerability. In turn, boldness is conceptualized as an adaptive trait. The current study assessed updating (N-back), inhibition (Stroop), and shifting (Trail Making Test) in a forensic (n = 56) and non-forensic sample (n = 48) that completed the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure. A positive association between boldness and inhibition was found, while meanness accounted for the lack of inhibitory control. In addition, disinhibition explained updating dysfunction. These findings provide empirical evidence for dissociable effects of psychopathic traits on executive functioning, in light of the Triarchic Model of Psychopathy.

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“…Understanding and prediction of aggression must account for this complexity in order to extract a meaningful signal from amidst considerable noise. Key factors include: developmental history—notably childhood trauma (Caspi et al, 2002 ; Gowin et al, 2013 ; Milaniak and Widom, 2015 ) presence of psychopathology (Glenn and Raine, 2009 ; Alcorn et al, 2013 ; Anderson and Kiehl, 2014 ); externalizing personality traits (Gardner et al, 2015 ; Pasion et al, 2017 ); emotional and inhibitory dysregulation (Gao et al, 2015 ; Coccaro et al, 2016 ; Hsieh and Chen, 2017 ); biological factors, including genetic variation (Tuvblad and Baker, 2011 ; Bevilacqua et al, 2012 ; Takahashi et al, 2012 ; Dorfman et al, 2014 ); and contextual/situational factors such as substance use and provocation (Miczek et al, 2002 ; Cherek et al, 2006 ; Giancola et al, 2009 ; Skibsted et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and Psychosocial Predictors of Aggression: Variable Selection and Model Building With Component-Wise Gradient Boosting

Suchting

Gowin

Green

et al. 2018

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Rationale: Given datasets with a large or diverse set of predictors of aggression, machine learning (ML) provides efficient tools for identifying the most salient variables and building a parsimonious statistical model. ML techniques permit efficient exploration of data, have not been widely used in aggression research, and may have utility for those seeking prediction of aggressive behavior.Objectives: The present study examined predictors of aggression and constructed an optimized model using ML techniques. Predictors were derived from a dataset that included demographic, psychometric and genetic predictors, specifically FK506 binding protein 5 (FKBP5) polymorphisms, which have been shown to alter response to threatening stimuli, but have not been tested as predictors of aggressive behavior in adults.Methods: The data analysis approach utilized component-wise gradient boosting and model reduction via backward elimination to: (a) select variables from an initial set of 20 to build a model of trait aggression; and then (b) reduce that model to maximize parsimony and generalizability.Results: From a dataset of N = 47 participants, component-wise gradient boosting selected 8 of 20 possible predictors to model Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) total score, with R2 = 0.66. This model was simplified using backward elimination, retaining six predictors: smoking status, psychopathy (interpersonal manipulation and callous affect), childhood trauma (physical abuse and neglect), and the FKBP5_13 gene (rs1360780). The six-factor model approximated the initial eight-factor model at 99.4% of R2.Conclusions: Using an inductive data science approach, the gradient boosting model identified predictors consistent with previous experimental work in aggression; specifically psychopathy and trauma exposure. Additionally, allelic variants in FKBP5 were identified for the first time, but the relatively small sample size limits generality of results and calls for replication. This approach provides utility for the prediction of aggression behavior, particularly in the context of large multivariate datasets.

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Antisocial behaviour and psychopathy: Uncovering the externalizing link in the P3 modulation

Cited by 40 publications

References 78 publications

Why do we remember? The communicative function of episodic memory

Why do we remember? The communicative function of episodic memory

Dissociable Effects of Psychopathic Traits on Executive Functioning: Insights From the Triarchic Model

Genetic and Psychosocial Predictors of Aggression: Variable Selection and Model Building With Component-Wise Gradient Boosting

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