Antiseptic and antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria causing urinary tract infection in spinal cord injured patients

Abstract

Abstract. Fifty-seven isolates of Gram-negative bacterial species from urinary tract infections in spinal cord injured patients were tested for their sensitivity to chlorhexidine, cetrimide, glutaraldehyde, phenyl mercuric nitrate (PMN), a phenolic disinfectant (Hycolin) and a proprietary antiseptic containing a mixture of picloxydine, octylphenoxy polyethoxyethanol and benzalkonium chloride (Resiguard). None of the isolates were resistant to glutaraldehyde, Hycolin or PMN but a substantial percentage were resistant to chlorhexidine (44 per cent), cetrimide (26 per cent) and Resiguard (42 per cent). The resistant organisms were members of the genera Proteus, Providencia and Pseudomonas and they were also generally resistant to five, six or seven antibiotics. Significant correlations were observed between multiplicity of antibiotic resistance and the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the three cationic antiseptics. It is suggested that an antiseptic policy for the bladder management of spinal cord injured patients that relies on the extensive use of cationic agents might lead to the selection of a flora of notoriously drug-resistant species.

Altered susceptibility to the bactericidal effect of photocatalytic oxidation by TiO2 is related to colistin resistance development in Acinetobacter baumannii

“…The altered resistance to TiO 2 photocatalysis by antibiotic-resistant strains may be due to altered gene regulation. Interestingly, gene regulation not only affects bacterial antibiotic or TiO 2 resistance but may also affect biocide (Poole 2002) and disinfectant (Rutala et al 1997;Stickler et al 1981;Wisplinghoff et al 2007) resistance.…”

A comparative study of the bactericidal effect of photocatalytic oxidation by TiO2 on antibiotic‐resistant and antibiotic‐sensitive bacteria

“…Strains of bacteria may become antibiotic resistant through the stepwise acquisition of gene mutations. 22 This plasmid-mediated process not only affects bacterial resistance to antibiotics but also may include resistance to biocides, 24,25 disinfectants, 6,26,27 and TiO 2 photocatalysis. 10,31 However, our results demonstrate that the development of antibiotic resistance does not appear to be correlated with increased resistance to TiO 2 photocatalysis.…”

Potential Impact of Increased Use of Biocides in Consumer Products on Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance

“…Thus, no differences were found in the MICs of hospital and laboratory gram-negative isolates for cationic antiseptics and two organomercurial compounds (107). Three separate studies by Stickler's group (280)(281)283) assessed the MICs of a range of antiseptics, disinfectants, and antibiotics for gramnegative bacteria isolated from a hospital environment and found that approximately 10% of the isolates (mainly Pseudomonas, Proteus, and Providencia spp.) exhibited some level of reduced susceptibility to chlorhexidine and cetrimide and were also generally more resistant to multiple antibiotics.…”