Antiseptic Activity of Ethnomedicinal Xuebijing Revealed by the Metabolomics Analysis Using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS

Abstract

Xuebijing (XBJ) injection is an ethnomedicinal formula that has been widely used in the therapy of sepsis in China. However, the underlying theraputic mechanisms remain uninvestigated. In this research, a metabolomic method based on UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS was applied to make a holistic evaluation of XBJ on septic rats which were induced by the classical cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) operation. The plasma metabolic changes were profiled and evaluated by multivariate analytical (MVA) methods. In the results, a total of 41 differential metabolites were identified between CLP-operated group and sham-operated group, which were mainly involved in amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism. After pathway analysis, it was finally discovered that the majority of the influenced metabolic pathways caused by sepsis mainly involved in energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation metabolism. When intervened by XBJ injection, 32 of the 41 disordered metabolites had been adjusted in reverse, which suggested that XBJ could mediate the abnormal metabolic pathways synergistically. In conclusion, the present study systematically investigated the efficacy and its underlying therapeutic mechanisms of XBJ on sepsis, while offering a new insight for the subsequent relevant exploration of other Chinese medicine at the same time.

Xuebijing Injection Alleviates Pam3CSK4-Induced Inflammatory Response and Protects Mice From Sepsis Caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

“…Previous studies have shown that XBJ may protect endothelial cells, improve microcirculation and coagulopathy, attenuate inflammatory reaction and regulate anti-oxidative stress, etc. (Xu et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2016;Chen et al, 2017;Zuo et al, 2018). Although the beneficial effects of XBJ have been widely investigated, the specific molecular mechanisms of XBJ are still obscure.…”

Integrated biomarker for type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose based on metabolomics analysis using ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole‐Orbitrap high‐resolution accurate mass spectrometry

“…The total ion chromatograms in positive and negative ion mode are shown in Figure S1 (supporting information), and all the data were processed with Compound Discoverer 3 to obtain data for the matrix. The analytical samples were normalized with 15 QC samples, in which the missing value of a peak was filled in when the detection rate was >50%, and peaks were excluded when their relative standard deviation in the QC samples was more than 30% 16 . After normalization, 984 and 653 ion peaks were captured in positive and negative ion mode, respectively.…”

“…Ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography /high‐resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC/HRMS) has been widely applied in metabolomics 16,17 . In this study we used this technique to monitor changes in metabolites in IFG and T2DM serum samples and to search for an integrated biomarker for diagnosing IFG and T2DM.…”

Xuebijing Injection Maintains GRP78 Expression to Prevent Candida albicans–Induced Epithelial Death in the Kidney

“…Paeoniflorin (Cas #: 23180-57-6), hydroxysafflor yellow A (Cas#: 78281-02-4), ferulic acid (Cas #:537-98-4), and protocatechualdehyde (Cas#:139-85-5) were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). C0127 was prepared with paeoniflorin, hydroxysafflor yellow A, ferulic acid, and protocatechualdehyde according to reported concentrations in XBJ and manufacturer's quality control information (Liu et al, 2015;Zuo et al, 2017;Zuo et al, 2018). The structures of the four compounds in C0127 were presented in Supplementary Figure 1.…”

“…Repetitive genes were automatically identified and removed by IPA software. In addition, ingredients derived from XBJ were collected from literature mining (Huang et al, 2011;Jiang et al, 2013;Guo et al, 2014;Han et al, 2017;Zuo et al, 2017;Zuo et al, 2018) and several TCM databases, such as TCMID (Xue et al, 2013) and TCMSP (Ru et al, 2014). Compounds that had more than 10 targets in mammalians were selected for further analysis.…”