Antiretroviral Therapy Interruption (ATI) in HIV-1 Infected Patients Participating in Therapeutic Vaccine Trials: Surrogate Markers of Virological Response

Leal, Lorna; Fehér, Csaba; Richart, Valèria; Torres, Berta; García, Felipe

doi:10.3390/vaccines8030442

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Reservoir research in the cure arena has been developing standardized assays to provide insight into reservoir size and dynamics. 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 Those studies indicate that the reservoir that persists in infected individuals on suppressive ART regimens is compositionally diverse in terms of viral activity. This either reflects the existence of different cellular reservoirs with distinct states of viral activity or a single reservoir in which viral activity fluctuates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Persistent HIV-1 transcription in CD4+ T cells from ART-suppressed individuals can originate from biologically competent proviruses

Vignoles

Andrade

Noguera

et al. 2021

Journal of Virus Eradication

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HIV-1 is able to persist in the face of potent antiretroviral therapy (ART). A number of strategies are being explored to allow ART-free viral remission or viral eradication. In order to gauge the progress of these strategies, assays with which to measure viral reservoir size and activity are needed. In a large percentage of aviremic individuals on suppressive ART, viral transcripts can be detected in peripheral blood CD4 + T cells. While this cell-associated RNA has been considered as a marker of viral reservoir activity, it is unclear whether cell-associated viral transcripts in aviremic individuals originate from biologically competent proviruses as opposed to being a product of abortive transcription from defective proviruses. We assessed whether cell-associated viral RNA in peripheral blood CD4 + T cells from aviremic individuals on ART originated from biologically competent proviruses. We demonstrate that cell-associated viral RNA transcripts were highly related to viral sequences obtained by ex vivo outgrowth. This relationship was also observed when viral transcription in the outgrowth cultures was limited to donor CD4 + T cells. Our study indicates that cell-associated viral RNA warrants further consideration as a viral reservoir surrogate in individuals on suppressive ART.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of standardized assays with which to gauge reservoir size and activity, have been described (for reviews, see Ref. 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ). The challenge has been in developing reservoir assays that inform on the biologically competent reservoir i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent HIV-1 transcription in CD4+ T cells from ART-suppressed individuals can originate from biologically competent proviruses

Vignoles

Andrade

Noguera

et al. 2021

Journal of Virus Eradication

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“…There is another study completed to phase I in which DCs were used for the delivery of HIV-1 lipopeptides. Despite the polyfunctional response, a virus rebound was observed after 14 days ( 137 ).…”

Section: Vaccines Based On Dcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Approaches to Dendritic Cell-Based Therapeutic Vaccines Against HIV-1 Infection

Espinar-Buitrago

Muñoz‐Fernández

2022

Front. Immunol.

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Due to the success of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) in recent years, the pathological outcome of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection has improved substantially, achieving undetectable viral loads in most cases. Nevertheless, the presence of a viral reservoir formed by latently infected cells results in patients having to maintain treatment for life. In the absence of effective eradication strategies against HIV-1, research efforts are focused on obtaining a cure. One of these approaches is the creation of therapeutic vaccines. In this sense, the most promising one up to now is based on the establishing of the immunological synapse between dendritic cells (DCs) and T lymphocytes (TL). DCs are one of the first cells of the immune system to encounter HIV-1 by acting as antigen presenting cells, bringing about the interaction between innate and adaptive immune responses mediated by TL. Furthermore, TL are the end effector, and their response capacity is essential in the adaptive elimination of cells infected by pathogens. In this review, we summarize the knowledge of the interaction between DCs with TL, as well as the characterization of the specific T-cell response against HIV-1 infection. The use of nanotechnology in the design and improvement of vaccines based on DCs has been researched and presented here with a special emphasis.

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“… 5 People with potentially smaller viral reservoirs as a result of starting ART early after infection are potential candidates for trials aimed at curing HIV. 6 To investigate cure interventions, analytical treatment interruption (ATI) is needed because until today no biomarker has been identified to predict viral rebound. 4 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions of HIV cure and willingness to participate in HIV cure-related trials among people enrolled in the Netherlands cohort study on acute HIV infection

Paassen

Dijkstra

Peay

et al. 2022

Journal of Virus Eradication

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Antiretroviral Therapy Interruption (ATI) in HIV-1 Infected Patients Participating in Therapeutic Vaccine Trials: Surrogate Markers of Virological Response

Cited by 10 publications

References 94 publications

Persistent HIV-1 transcription in CD4+ T cells from ART-suppressed individuals can originate from biologically competent proviruses

Persistent HIV-1 transcription in CD4+ T cells from ART-suppressed individuals can originate from biologically competent proviruses

New Approaches to Dendritic Cell-Based Therapeutic Vaccines Against HIV-1 Infection

Perceptions of HIV cure and willingness to participate in HIV cure-related trials among people enrolled in the Netherlands cohort study on acute HIV infection

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