Antiretroviral therapy and preterm birth in HIV-infected women

Short, Charlotte-Eve; Taylor, Graham P.

doi:10.1586/14787210.2014.885837

Cited by 30 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…[27][28][29][30][31][32][33] ART may potentiate this risk through a similar mechanism. 27,28 Limited research exists regarding the interaction between antiretroviral and antimalarial drugs, but the protease inhibitor component of ART may have antimalarial properties by inhibiting parasite growth. 14,34,35 The antimalarial drugs chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have also been shown to have antiretroviral activity in vitro and in vivo.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dosage of Sulfadoxine–Pyrimethamine and Risk of Low Birth Weight in a Cohort of Zambian Pregnant Women in a Low Malaria Prevalence Region

Stoner

Vwalika

Smid

et al. 2017

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. In Lusaka, Zambia, where malaria prevalence is low, national guidelines continue to recommend that all pregnant women receive sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) for malaria prophylaxis monthly at every scheduled antenatal care visit after 16 weeks of gestation. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive women should receive co-trimoxazole prophylaxis for HIV and not SP, but many still receive SP. We sought to determine whether increased dosage of SP is still associated with a reduced risk of low birth weight (LBW) in an area where malaria transmission is low. Our secondary objective was to determine whether any association between SP and LBW is modified by receipt of antiretroviral therapy (ART). We analyzed data routinely collected from a cohort of HIV-positive pregnant women with singleton births in Lusaka, Zambia, between February 2006 and December 2012. We used a logPoisson model to estimate the risk of LBW by dosage of SP and to determine whether the association between SP and LBW varied by receipt of ART. Risk of LBW declined as the number of doses increased and appeared lowest among women who received three doses (adjusted risk ratio [ARR] = 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.64-0.95). In addition, women receiving combination ART had a higher risk of delivering an LBW infant compared with women receiving no treatment or prophylaxis (ARR = 1.18; 95% CI = 1.09-1.28), but this risk was attenuated among women who were receiving SP (risk ratio = 1.09; 95% CI = 0.99-1.21). SP was associated with a reduced risk of LBW in HIVpositive women, including those receiving ART, in a low malaria prevalence region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dosage of Sulfadoxine–Pyrimethamine and Risk of Low Birth Weight in a Cohort of Zambian Pregnant Women in a Low Malaria Prevalence Region

Stoner

Vwalika

Smid

et al. 2017

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…HIV exposure in infants is associated with preterm birth. [21] As a result of prematurity and LBW, the infant is at risk for dysphagia after birth [19] and when HIV infection becomes apparent, feeding and swallowing can be affected due to encephalopathy. An additional category would provide information regarding feeding characteristics, and aid in early identification of dysphagia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks associated with suspected dysphagia in infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit in a South African public hospital

Schoeman

Kritzinger

2017

S Afr J CH

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The study was a retrospective review of medical and SLT records from 2010 to 2014 and included infants, aged 24 -42 weeks' gestational age Background. The prevalence of neonatal dysphagia is increasing, as medical advances contribute to the survival of critically ill and preterm infants. Additional factors such as low birth weight (LBW), gastro-oesoephageal reflux disorder, failure-to-thrive (FTT), and HIV may increase the complexity of dysphagia symptoms. Knowledge of context-specific risk factors for dysphagia may lead to an effective pathway of diagnosis and management in vulnerable neonates. Objective. To describe the feeding characteristics and categories of underlying medical conditions in infants of gestational age 24 -42 weeks. Methods. The study was a retrospective review of 231 purposively selected medical and speech-language therapy records. Participants had a mean stay of 28.5 days in a neonatal intensive care unit in a peri-urban public hospital and were referred for a swallowing and feeding assessment. An existing seven-category framework for the classification of suspected dysphagia was used. Results. Most participants (90.0%) presented with multiple medical conditions. Underlying neurological conditions (48.5%) and feeding difficulties secondary to systemic illness (65.8%) contributed mostly to suspected dysphagia in the sample. It was found that 71.0% of infants presented with feeding difficulties secondary to other conditions such as LBW and prematurity, highlighting the need for an expanded dysphagia classification framework. Conclusion. The results concur with the outcomes of previous studies and confirm the need for a unique classification framework in South Africa. Dysphagia is a complex condition and frequently cannot be attributed to a single risk factor. RESEARCH This open-access article is distributed under Creative Commons licence CC-BY-NC 4.0. Risks associated with suspected dysphagia in infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit in a South African public hospital J Schoeman, B Com Pathol, M Com Pathol; A Kritzinger, DPhil

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“…Women living with HIV are at an increased risk of preterm birth . There are no published data to inform the optimal management of women with preterm pre‐labour ROM prior to 34 weeks of gestation, and current guidelines recommend management on a case‐by‐case basis, with the benefits of delaying labour weighed against the risk of MTCT .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duration of ruptured membranes and mother‐to‐child HIV transmission: a prospective population‐based surveillance study

Peters

Byrne

Ruiter

et al. 2015

BJOG

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Antiretroviral therapy and preterm birth in HIV-infected women

Cited by 30 publications

References 99 publications

Dosage of Sulfadoxine–Pyrimethamine and Risk of Low Birth Weight in a Cohort of Zambian Pregnant Women in a Low Malaria Prevalence Region

Dosage of Sulfadoxine–Pyrimethamine and Risk of Low Birth Weight in a Cohort of Zambian Pregnant Women in a Low Malaria Prevalence Region

Risks associated with suspected dysphagia in infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit in a South African public hospital

Duration of ruptured membranes and mother‐to‐child HIV transmission: a prospective population‐based surveillance study

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