Antirachitic Value of Human Milk

Drummond, J. C.; Gray, C. H.; Richardson, Nicole

doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4110.757

Cited by 31 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…Early attempts to quantify the antirachitic potential of human milk were crude and yielded little information. [145][146][147] For a time, it was believed that vitamin D sulfate was responsible for the antirachitic activity in human milk 148,149 ; however, this was shown not to be the case. 150 In the 1980s, antirachitic activity of human milk from mothers receiving 400 IU of vitamin D/day was defined with sensitive assay technology to be 20-70 IU/L.…”

Section: Vitamin D Content Of Human Milk and Factors Affecting Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Vitamin D Make the World Go ‘Round’?

Wagner

Taylor

Hollis

2008

Breastfeeding Medicine

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Vitamin D has emerged from obscurity, and its effects on various organ systems throughout the body down to the cellular level are being discovered. What was once thought to be a simple hormone affecting only bone and calcium metabolism has shifted. We no longer see vitamin D as a "vitamin" important only in childhood, but as a complex hormone that is involved not only in calcium homeostasis but also in the integrity of the innate immune system. Vitamin D deficiency is linked to inflammatory and long-latency diseases such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, tuberculosis, diabetes, and various cancers, to name a few. In this review, we trace how we came to view vitamin D and how that view led to one of the largest epidemics of nutrient deficiency beginning in the late 20(th) century. We then discuss the needs of vitamin D in the context of the breastfeeding mother and her infant and child, why breastfed infants are particularly at risk, and what to do about it.

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Section: Vitamin D Content Of Human Milk and Factors Affecting Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Vitamin D Make the World Go ‘Round’?

Wagner

Taylor

Hollis

2008

Breastfeeding Medicine

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“…Assays for vitamin D activity in human milk have conventionally been confined to the lipid fraction, and this has been reported to be low in milk (7,19,24). However, the identification of vitamin D sulphate in the fat-free proteinfree filtrate of human milk has created new interest in the vitamin D activity of milk (18,27).…”

Section: Lipasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid and Trace Element Composition of Human Milk

Belavady

1978

Acta Paediatrica

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The recent work on lipids and trace elements in human milk has been reviewed. Lipids in human milk are specially important for the development of the central nervous system of the infant, in addition to being a source of nutrients. Recent studies revealed that the concentration of total lipids was low in milk samples from Indian women belonging to the low socio-economic group: linoleic acid constituted a high percent of the fatty acids. The bile-stimulated lipase activity of milk was higher in Ethiopian than in Swedish milk samples. Vitamin D sulphate, the water soluble conjugate of vitamin D, was present in higher concentrations than that reported for vitamin D in lipid fraction; however, the antirachitic activity of vitamin D sulphate is yet to be studies. Copper, zinc, and magnesium concentrations were high in sampled obtained during the first month of lactation. Copper and zinc levels continued to fall gradually till the end of one year lactation. The mean concentrations of zinc and copper in mature milk samples from Indian mothers were similar to those in American samples, though both the samples showed wide variation. A high proportion of zinc in milk was bound to proteins.

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“…22 Regarding the separation of infant and mother for a two week "lying-in" period, she states: 22 Regarding the separation of infant and mother for a two week "lying-in" period, she states:…”

Section: Ribble Further Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critique on the Articles by Margaret Ribble

Pinneau¹

1950

Child Development

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms CHILD DEVELOPMENT pears not merely to refute this position but indicates a remarkable stability in the infant's circulation, and that the heart assumes its adultlike function within a short time after birth. On the subject of closure of the fetal channels, Ribble evidently refers to the obliteration of the ductus arteriosus, the foramen ovale, and the ductus venosus, since others of major importance are closed by tying of the umbilical cord.The ductus arteriosus: Evidence that the ductus arteriosus closes functionally within the first few minutes after birth, probably within the first five, is indicated by the following:[. Kennedy and Clark (44), working with guinea pigs, have shown that the increased oxygenation of the blood at birth causes the ductus arteriosus to close by sphincterlike contractions. The histological work ofHayek (80) confirms these findings. The former authors have demonstrated that the contraction is not a neuromuscular reflex, since it still takes place in the absence of all innervations (45).2. Barclay, Barcroft and others (4, 5) have shown by X-ray cinematography that the ductus in the lamb closes within about five minutes after delivery. They also have shown (6) that only a few minutes are required for the newborn organism to transform the oxygen saturation of its arterial blood from 50 per cent or less to 75 or 8o per cent, a concentration which is not too infrequently found in people living at high altitudes. Ninety per cent oxygen saturation is reached within a few hours. (72) found on measurement of oxygen concentration of the arterial blood of 31 newborn infants, that for some it was in the adult range within one half hour, for all but two it had risen above 90 per cent saturation in two hours, and for these it was above 90o per cent by three hours. In order for the oxygen concentration of the blood to be this high, the ductus must be functionally closed, otherwise, blood by-passing the lungs would have considerably lowered the oxygen saturation (31). According to Arey (i) the ductus is structurally impervious by a postpartum age of one month. Smith and KaplanThe foramen ovale: The foramen ovale is functionally closed by the septum primum being held in apposition with it by a relatively greater left ventricular blood pressure. The foramen ovale closes functionally within the first few hours after birth as the following studies indicate: r. The findings noted above (72) that the oxygen saturation of the blood exceeds 90o per cent in the first three postnatal hours in normal infants indicates that closure must have occurred, since otherwise blood by-passing the lungs would have resulted in a lower oxygen s...

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Antirachitic Value of Human Milk

Cited by 31 publications

References 8 publications

Does Vitamin D Make the World Go ‘Round’?

Does Vitamin D Make the World Go ‘Round’?

Lipid and Trace Element Composition of Human Milk

A Critique on the Articles by Margaret Ribble

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