Antiproliferative and Antioxidative Bioactive Compounds in Extracts of Marine-Derived Endophytic Fungus Talaromyces purpureogenus

Abstract

Endophytic fungi are now recognized as sources of pharmacologically beneficial, novel bioactive compounds. This study was carried out to evaluate antiproliferative and antioxidative potential of a seaweed endophytic fungus Talaromyces purpureogenus. Extracts with different solvents of the fungus grown on different liquid media were assayed for the antiproliferative and antioxidative activities. Tested 6 cancer cell lines, the highest antiproliferative activity was observed in ethyl acetate extract of total culture grown in Potato Dextrose Broth for 28 days in a dose-dependent manner. The highest antioxidative activity was observed in hexane extract of fungal culture grown in Malt Extract Broth for 21 days. Analyzed for secondary metabolites, the extract revealed the presence of phenolics, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids and terpenoids. Further, Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GCMS) analysis of the extract revealed the presence of several compounds including 3-nitropropanoic acid, 4H-pyran-4-one 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl), hexadecanoic acid, and octadecanoic acid, known to be cytotoxic or antioxidative. Among different cell lines tested, HeLa cells were the most vulnerable to the treatment of the fungal extract with an IC50 value of 101 ± 1 μg/mL. The extract showed no significant cytotoxicity to the normal human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK 293 T) in the MTT assay. The ethyl acetate extract induced membrane damage and mitochondrial depolarization and thereby apoptosis and cytotoxicity in HeLa cells. The study marks marine-derived endophytes as potential sources for discovery of novel drugs.

Endophytic Fungi of Marine Alga From Konkan Coast, India—A Rich Source of Bioactive Material

“…The general methodology used for isolation of endophytic fungi was as reported earlier by Kumari et al (2018). Briefly, the algal samples were washed with sterile sea water.…”

“…Fungal isolates were identified by sequencing of the 5.8S rDNA internal transcribed region (ITS). To obtain fungal mycelia, all the fungal isolates were grown in 25 mL PDB for 7 days at 28 ± 2 • C. Mycelia was filtered and used for DNA extraction following previously described protocol (Kumari et al, 2018). ITS1 (sequence: 5 ′ -TCC GTA GGT GAA CCT GCG G-3 ′ ) and ITS4 (5 ′ -TCC TCC GCT TAT TGA TAT GC-3 ′ ) primers were used to amplify and sequence the fungal genomic ITS region.…”

“…The cytotoxic potential of all the fungal crude extracts was measured using MTT on different human cancer cell lines including human lung cancer (A549), human cervical cancer (HeLa), human skin cancer (A431) and human breast cancer (MCF-7), and a normal human embryonic kidney (HEK 293T) cells as non-cancer cell line. The respective cells were cultured in complete DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS, 100 mg/L penicillin, 250 mg/L streptomycin and 2 mM glutamine and grown at 37 • C for 24 h in ambient conditions of 5% CO 2 and 95% humidity in a CO 2 incubator (Kumari et al, 2018).…”

“…Live dead analysis was carried out in A431 cells following the protocol of Kumari et al (2018). The experiment was conducted on A431 cells after a treatment with increasing concentrations of fungal crude extract for 24 h. Briefly, the cells were seeded in 24 well plate at a density of 10 5 cells/well.…”

Wild Medicinal Fungi: Phallus Impudicus-induced Telomere Damage Triggers p21/p53 and p16-dependent Cell Cycle Arrest and Drives to Male Fertility Reduction in Vitro

“…Some others noted also decrease cell volume and membrane blebbing. The authors indicate that such characteristics occur in the early stage of apoptosis (Kumari et al 2018;Ramos et al 2015).…”