Antipodes Island Lepidoptera

Ecological Biogeography of Southern Ocean Islands: Species-Area Relationships, Human Impacts, and Conservation

“…In sum, and unlike previous workers, we find that conventional island biogeographic variables (MacArthur (Gressitt 1970;Chown 1990;Kuschel 1991;Patrick 1994), of which many are at least oligophages restricted to vas-and Wilson 1967;Rosenzweig 1995) explain a significant proportion of the variance in indigenous plant (area), in-portant in determining alien insect species richness and that this relationship is modified both by the extent of sect (distance to the nearest continent), seabird (area), and land bird (island age) species richness on southern human activity on an island and by the island's climatic severity. ocean islands at this scale.…”

“…Most of the introduced plant and insect species appear to have reached the ischance of establishing on the temperate than on the colder islands. It also appears that islands with the largest lands accidentally, as a consequence of human activities (e.g., Gremmen 1981; Carcaillet 1993; Chown and Lanarea tend to be most susceptible to establishment of alien insects because of higher numbers of vascular plant spe-guage 1994 ;Patrick 1994;Marchand 1995). Even though the level of human activity has been low compared with cies and because they house larger numbers of human occupants.…”

“…2). The multifactor model including both area and occupants re- Woods 1988;Greenslade 1990;Selkirk et al 1990;Turbott 1990;Patrick 1994), we are consulted in an increase in the coefficient of determination vinced that for the taxa used here the data are sound for cular plant species Patrick 1994), although with some notable exceptions (e.g., most of the islands. The only exceptions may be the insects and plants of Amsterdam andSt.…”

The beetle (Coleoptera) fauna of the Antipodes Islands, with comments on the impact of mice; and an annotated checklist of the insect and arachnid fauna

“…Gressitt (1964) found 47% of the 300 described land arthropods from Campbell Island as endemic. This was an overestimate, however, since more recent studies (e.g., Harrison 1976;Patrick 1994) have shown that many of these species are more widely distributed. Thirty two percent of the Bounty Islands terrestrial insects are endemic (J. W. M. Marris, unpubl.…”

Review of impacts of the introduced house mouse on islands in the Southern Ocean: are mice equivalent to rats?

“…Further quantitative and robust analyses of population trends of moth larvae and weevil larvae on Marion Island showed that densities decreased significantly, by approximately an order of magnitude, between 1976/77 and 1996/97 . Flightless island species are particularly vulnerable to introduced predators (Carlquist 1965;Hobbs 1989;Quammen 1996), and the flightless Lepidoptera on Antipodes and Gough islands are heavily impacted by mouse predation (Patrick 1994;Jones et al 2002); indigenous moths are major prey items wherever mouse diets have been studied in the Subantarctic (Gleeson and van Rensburg 1982;Copson 1986;Le Roux et al 2002). Inter-decadal comparisons from Marion Island showed that the relative importance of the main invertebrate species in mouse diet has changed since the late 1970s (Chown and Smith 1993).…”