Antiplasmodial and Cytotoxic Activities of Extracts of Selected Medicinal Plants Used to Treat Malaria in Embu County, Kenya

Waiganjo, Bibianne W.; Moriasi, Gervason; Onyancha, Jared Misonge; Nelson, Elias; Muregi, Francis W.

doi:10.1155/2020/8871375

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The chloroform extract of O. genistifolia demonstrated the lowest antiplasmodial activity with IC 50 = 11.6 µg•mL −1 , followed by ethanolic extracts (IC 50 = 3.7 µg•mL −1 ), and the highest was observed with ethyl acetate (IC 50 = 3.3 µg•mL −1 ). The weight of scientific evidence has highlighted that the variation in the antiplasmodial activity exhibited by these crude extracts could be due to their differences in chemical composition as a result of the variation in the polarity of solvents used for the plant extraction [13,44]. In comparison with other antiplasmodial activities of plant extracts from previous studies around the Africa region (Table 3), our findings revealed that O. genistifolia extracts showed good antiplasmodial activity.…”

Section: Antiplasmodial Studymentioning

confidence: 50%

In Vitro Assessment of Antiplasmodial and Antitrypanosomal Activities of Chloroform, Ethyl Acetate and Ethanol Leaf Extracts of Oedera genistifolia

Okaiyeto

Okoh

2020

Applied Sciences

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The high resistance evolution of protozoans to the existing antiparasitic drugs has necessitated the quest for novel and effective drugs against plasmodium and trypanosome parasites. As a result, this study aimed to assess the antiplasmodial and antitrypanosomal potentials of chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol leaf extracts of Oedera genistifolia. Standard biochemical procedures were explored for the plant extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GCMS) was used to identify the bioactive compounds in the crude extracts. The cytotoxic effects of the crude extracts were assessed against human cervix adenocarcinoma (HeLa cells) and their antiparasitic activities were investigated against Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7 and Trypanosoma brucei brucei. GCMS analyses of the crude extracts revealed the bioactive compounds that could be responsible for the biological activities. The extracts had no cytotoxic effect on HeLa cells and demonstrated good antiplasmodial activity (chloroform extract: IC50 = 11.6 µg∙mL−1, ethyl acetate extract: IC50 = 3.3 µg∙mL−1 and ethanol extract: IC50 = 3.7 µg∙mL−1). Likewise, they showed excellent antitrypanosomal activity with IC50 = 0.5 µg∙mL−1 for chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts and IC50 = 0.4 µg∙mL−1 for the ethanol extract. Findings from the present study indicated that O. genistifolia could be a good source of strong antiplasmodial and antitrypanosomal agents.

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Section: Antiplasmodial Studymentioning

confidence: 50%

In Vitro Assessment of Antiplasmodial and Antitrypanosomal Activities of Chloroform, Ethyl Acetate and Ethanol Leaf Extracts of Oedera genistifolia

Okaiyeto

Okoh

2020

Applied Sciences

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“…The cytotoxic activity of the compounds on MDBK cells was evaluated in terms of the proportion of cytotoxicity to biological activity (SI). The biological efficacy was not attributable to in vitro cytotoxicity when the index was ≥ 10 [27]. However, the compounds better inhibited the growths of normal cell lines, MDBK cells, 1).…”

Section: Antiplasmodial Studymentioning

confidence: 98%

Synthesis, Antiproliferative and Antimalarial Activities of Dinuclear Silver(I) Complexes with Triphenylphosphine and Thiosemicarbazones Ligands

et al. 2021

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A series of six sulfur-bridged dinuclear silver(I) thiosemicarbazone complexes were synthesized through the reaction of silver(I) nitrate with 4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazone derivatives together with triphenylphosphine (PPh3) (in a 1:1:2 molar ratio). Following structural characterizations using various techniques such as elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, as well as 1H, 13C, 31P{1H}s, COSY, and 1H-13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, it was found that the thiosemicarbazone ligand exists in the form of a thione rather than thiol tautomer. Subsequently, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines, as well as the HT-29 colon cancer cell lines, were used to investigate the in vitro antiproliferative activities of these complexes. In all cases, the IC50 values were in the potent micromolar range. Besides, the aforementioned complexes also had good antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum, as per the results of histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2) assays and cytotoxicity evaluations of MDBK cells.

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“…After 5 days, the monolayers were washed with PBS at 37°C, fixed in methanol and stained with Giemsa. Amastigotes were determined by counting at least 100 macrophages in duplicate cultures, and the results expressed as infection rate (IR) and multiplication index (MI) [24] The infection rate was used in calculations of the Association Index (AI). The association indices were determined by multiplying the % of infected macrophages by the number of parasites per infected cell.…”

Section: Anti-amastigote Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have examined these plants for efficacy of their extracts for microbial growth [21,22] and inhibition of plasmodial growth [23][24][25] but there is limited data for anti-leishmanial activity. Despite medicinal properties of plants, the lack of proper dosing of herbal drugs put patients at risk of toxicity, especially as plant parts used have a mixture of metabolites [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Antileishmanial Activities of Olea europaea, Kigelia africana, Terminalia mollis, Croton Macrostachyus and Bridella micrantha, Kenyan Medicinal Plants

Wafula

Ayieko

Collins

et al. 2020

IJTDH

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Leishmaniasis is a major public health problem globally. Visceral leishmaniasis is known to be fatal if left untreated, while cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most neglected. The first-line treatment of leishmaniasis is based on pentavalent antimonial drugs which are expensive, requiring inpatient treatment and toxic. The Plants containing active compounds against other protozoan diseases may offer alternatives against leishmania parasites. This study determined the in vitro antileishmanial activity of Olea europaea, Kigelia africana, Terminalia mollis, Croton macrostachyus and Bridella micrantha extracts. The plant samples were dried, pulverized into fine powders and extracted using ethanol at the Center for Traditional Medicine and Drugs Research, KEMRI. The in vitro assays were carried out at the Leishmania laboratory, Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, KEMRI. In in- vitro assays the inhibitory concentrations (IC50) and Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) on L. major promastigotes, percentage rates of macrophages infected by amastigotes and cytotoxicity on Vero cells were determined. For each parameter analyzed, differences among treatment groups exposed to different drugs were tested by logistic regression. Results showed that promastogote and amastigote growth inhibition was significantly affected by the crude extracts from the plants (P < 0.05) after 24 hours of exposure where the most effective drug was the standard drug (Amphotericin B) while among the crude extracts of the herbal drugs, T. mollis was the most effective against amastigote followed by C. macrostachyus while O. europaea was the least effective. Mammalian cell viability was significantly affected by the various test compounds (P < 0.05) after 24 hours exposure where % cell viability of herbal drugs, B. microstachyus, O. africana resulted to the most toxic effects by reducing the % cell viability to less than 50%. The study recommends the use of T. mollis in management of leishmaniasis in areas they occur. Further analysis of the active compounds that that affect efficacy of the plant extracts is advised.

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Antiplasmodial and Cytotoxic Activities of Extracts of Selected Medicinal Plants Used to Treat Malaria in Embu County, Kenya

Cited by 18 publications

References 34 publications

In Vitro Assessment of Antiplasmodial and Antitrypanosomal Activities of Chloroform, Ethyl Acetate and Ethanol Leaf Extracts of Oedera genistifolia

In Vitro Assessment of Antiplasmodial and Antitrypanosomal Activities of Chloroform, Ethyl Acetate and Ethanol Leaf Extracts of Oedera genistifolia

Synthesis, Antiproliferative and Antimalarial Activities of Dinuclear Silver(I) Complexes with Triphenylphosphine and Thiosemicarbazones Ligands

In Vitro Antileishmanial Activities of Olea europaea, Kigelia africana, Terminalia mollis, Croton Macrostachyus and Bridella micrantha, Kenyan Medicinal Plants

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