Antiplasmodial activity of two medicinal plants against clinical isolates of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium berghei infected mice

Abstract

Malaria is an infectious and deadly parasitic disease, associated with fever, anaemia and other ailments. Unfortunately the upsurge of plasmodium multidrug resistant constrained researchers to look for new effective drugs. Medicinal plants seem to be an unquenchable source of bioactive principles in the treatment of various diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the antiplasmodial activity of two Ivorian medicinal plants. The in vitro activity was evaluated against clinical isolates and K1 multidrug resistant strain using the fluorescence based SYBR green I assay. The in vivo bioassay was carried out using the classical 4 day suppressive and curative tests on infected mice. Results showed that the in vitro bioassay of both plant extracts were found to exhibit a promising and moderate antiparasitic effects on clinical isolates (5 µg/mL < IC < 15 µg/mL) and multidrug resistant K1 strain (15 µg/mL< IC < 50 µg/mL). Furthermore, the in vivo antiplasmodial screening of both extracts showed a significant decrease in parasitemia, which was dose-dependent. Body temperature in mice treated with both extracts at experimental doses increased, compared to the negative control group and was dose-dependent. As for mice body weight a significant decrease ( < 0.001) was noticed in the negative control group compared to tested groups of animals. The hydroethanolic stem bark extract of A Chev and leaves extract of Lam exhibited anti-malarial activities. Therefore, the bioactive compounds of both plant extracts need to be investigated.

Evaluation of in vitro and in vivo Antiplasmodial Activity of the Leaf Latex of Aloe Weloensis (Aloaceae)

“…The dried latex was kept in clean vial and stored a desiccator until used for the experiment Experimental animals and parasite Healthy Swiss albino mice either sex (20-35 gram) and 2-3monthes) were used in the study. The mice were gained from Wollo University and kept in the animal house of pharmacy department in 12 h light -12 h dark cycle and permitted free to diet and water ad libitum (22). Animals were acclimatized to the laboratory conditions for one week before the initiation of the experiment.…”

“…Chloroquine at the same concentration was used as the standard control and dimethyl sulfoxide without the tested samples were used as the negative control. The parasites were cultured for 30h in the desiccators and then, incubated at 37°C for 72h in 2% O 2 , 5% CO 2 and 93% N 2 (22,31). The infected RBCs were transferred into freshly prepared complete medium to propagate the culture.…”

“…The parasitemia was examined under the microscope and IC50 was determined by plotting concentration of the latex on percentage of growth inhibition. Percentage growth inhibition of the parasites was determined by using the following formula (22,30). Plasmodium berghei ANKA strain was used for induction of malaria in experimental mice.…”

“…and infected blood was collected by cardiac puncture into heparinized vacutainer tube containing trisodium citrate (0.5%). The blood was then diluted in normal saline (0.9%) and RBC count of normal mice so that the nal suspension would contain about 1×10 7 parasitized red blood cells (PRBCs) in 0.2ml suspension (22,23). Each mouse used in the study was infected intraperitoneally with 0.2ml containing 1×10 7 P. berghei parasitized RBCs.…”

“…Group I was treated with vehicle; group II, III and IV were treated three doses of the latex of A. weloensis respectively; group V was treated with chloroquine daily for 5 days. Thin blood lms were prepared from tail blood of each mouse daily for ve days to determine the levels of parasitemia and Mean survival time for each group (22,23,33).…”