Antiplasmodial activity and toxicity of crude extracts from alternatives parts of plants widely used for the treatment of malaria in Burkina Faso: contribution for their preservation

Abstract

In order to prevent the destruction of the ecology and to sustain the flora mainly for medicinal plants, we investigated on alternative parts taken from four plants already known to display antiplasmodial activities and largely used by traditional healers in sub-Saharan Africa. The evaluated parts are bark of trunk for Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides and leaves for Sarcocephalus latifolius instead of roots, and leaves for Combretum molle and Anogeissus leiocarpus instead of stem bark. The antiplasmodial activity of extracts of these plants was evaluated in vitro using the multi-resistant strain (W2) of Plasmodium falciparum. Antiproliferative activity was also assessed, using K562S human monocyte cell lines, along with calculation of the selectivity index (SI) of each extract. The highest in vitro antiplasmodial activity was found in the alkaloid extract of trunk bark from Z. zanthoxyloides and from the MeOH extract of A. leiocarpus leaves (IC(50) = 1.2 microg/mL and 4.9 microg/mL, respectively) with good selectivity index. Moderate activity was found in the MeOH extract (IC(50) = 5.7 microg/mL) and MeOH/H2O extract (IC(50) = 7.9 microg/mL) of C. molle leaves. Moderate activity was also found in the MeOH/H20 extract (IC(50) = 5.2 microg/mL) and the decoction (IC(50) = 8.2 microg/mL) from leaves of A. leiocarpus. No good activity was found with extracts from roots of S. latifolius. All extracts tested displayed low levels of cytotoxicity against K562S cells. The data generated clearly show that the trunk bark for Z. zanthoxyloides and the leaves for A. leiocarpus and C. molle could be used for the treatment of malaria instead of roots and stem bark.

The antiplasmodial activity of Anogeissus leiocarpus and its effect on oxidative stress and lipid profile in mice infected with Plasmodium bergheii

“…A. leiocarpus belong to the family Combretaceace. It has been reported that it has an antiplasmodial activity (Vonthron-Sénécheau et al 2003;Gansané et al 2010). It is believed that the hydrolysable tannins in A. leiocarpus could be responsible for its antiplasmodial activity (Asres et al 2001).…”

“…Some of the tannins component of the A. leiocarpus are: castalagin, ellagic acid, flavogallonic acid, puncalagin, and terchebulin (Shuaibu et al 2008). Several parts of the A. leiocarpus have been tested for antimalarial activities, and a recent study reported that the leaves of A. leiocarpus can also be used instead of the stem bark which is the common part usually used locally (Gansané et al 2010).…”

A review of antimalarial plants used in traditional medicine in communities in Portuguese-Speaking countries: Brazil, Mozambique, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Príncipe and Angola

“…The evaluation of in vitro antimalarial activity of extracts from leaves showed that it was inactive against W2 strains with an IC 50 value greater than 50 μg/mL (Gansané et al 2010).…”

Anthelmintic activity of medicinal plants used in Côte d’Ivoire for treating parasitic diseases

“…Further studies are necessary to strengthen and confirm these positive findings, including experiments in larger animal group sizes and to also study the effect against juvenile schistosomes. Previous studies reported promising anthelmintic activities of A. leiocarpus against Rhabditis pseudoelongata (Okpekon et al 2004) and H. contortus (Diehl et al 2004;Koné et al 2005) and antiparasitic properties against Plasmodium falciparum (Gansané et al 2010). The stem bark of A. leiocarpus was found to contain gallic and gentisic acids (Chaabi et al 2008;Shuaibu et al 2008), which have recently been shown to possess anthelmintic activity (Smith et al 2009).…”