Antiphospholipid Syndrome and Vascular Ischemic (Occlusive) Diseases: An Overview

Atanassova, Penka A.

doi:10.3349/ymj.2007.48.6.901

Cited by 24 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 181 publications

(210 reference statements)

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“…As cranial nerve palsy progressed after almost 2 months to alteration of consciousness, at that time CT or MRI was the rational imaging of choice at that time 7. The concomitant presence of central and peripheral venous thrombosis has been reported8 in APS as well as Behcet’s disease 9. However, the absence of other markers of Behcet’s such as recurrent oral ulcers or other skin lesions, makes the diagnosis unlikely in our case.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Lower cranial nerve palsy, aseptic meningitis and hydrocephalus: unusual presentation of primary antiphospholipid syndrome

Wani

Hussain²,

Fatani³

et al. 2009

Case Reports

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Presentation of primary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is usually untrustworthy and unusual presentations are difficult to diagnose on the basis of clinical features alone. This is true especially in young and elderly patients. Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is less frequent than arterial thrombosis in APS. CVT has a wide spectrum of signs and symptoms, which may evolve suddenly or over weeks. It mimics many neurological conditions such as meningitis, encephalopathy, benign intracranial hypertension and stroke. Headache is the most frequent symptom in patients with CVT, and is present in about 80% of cases. The most common pattern of presentation is with a benign intracranial hypertension-like syndrome. Sixth cranial nerve palsy usually manifests as a false localising sign. Patients may have recurrent seizures. Cranial nerve syndromes are seen with venous sinus thrombosis. We present a case of APS with lower cranial nerve palsy, aseptic meningitis and hydrocephalus initially treated as tuberculous meningitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Lower cranial nerve palsy, aseptic meningitis and hydrocephalus: unusual presentation of primary antiphospholipid syndrome

Wani

Hussain²,

Fatani³

et al. 2009

Case Reports

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“…A recent study has revealed the knowledge between false-positive TORCH (toxoplasmosis, other: syphilis, varicella-zoster, Rubella, CMV, and herpes infections) and anti-PL opening new diagnostic opportunities, relevant for practical decisions [ 11 ]. Also, in the spectrum of vascular ischaemic occlusive disease in the APS, ulnar artery thrombosis is a rare association [ 12 ]. However, with the acute episode of thrombosis, we were unable to arrange certain other investigations to rule out any concomitant familial thrombophilic disorder screening even though the family history is not significant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe Preeclampsia, Antiphospholipid Syndrome, and Ulnar Artery Thrombosis in a Teenage Pregnancy: A Rare Association

Patabendige¹,

Barnasuriya

Mampitiya

2018

Case Reports in Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is associated with vascular thrombosis and pregnancy complications. It causes recurrent miscarriage and it is associated with other adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm delivery, intrauterine growth restriction, preeclampsia, and HELLP syndrome. Obstetric morbidity is one of the major manifestations of APS with a wide variety of clinical manifestations. This case describes a case of a severe preeclampsia in a 16-year-old primigravida at 29 weeks resulting in a caesarean delivery and subsequent finding of an ulnar artery thrombosis in postpartum period. APS was diagnosed on further investigations of her symptoms and signs.

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“…Lastly, clearly established deficiencies of proteins C, S, and antithrombin are relatively uncommon. Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (Atanassova, 2007) (McGinn et al, 2000). In this way, if a rule is applied, it is possible to further identify those CVST patients who could benefit from more intensive monitoring and/or invasive interventions at most.…”

Section: Ealry and Late Complications -Management And Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis - Diagnostic Strategies and Prognostic Models: A Review

Atanassova¹,

Massaldjieva²,

Chalakova³

et al. 2012

Venous Thrombosis - Principles and Practice

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Venous Thrombosis -Principles and Practice 130 Table 1. Most important causes of and risk factors associated with cerebral venous sinus thromobosis. Reproduced with the written permission from the paper by Stam (2005).In the prospective International Study on Cerebral Vein and Dural Sinus Thrombosis (ISCVST) cohort of 624 adults with CVST, women comprised 465 (75%) of the patients. Compared with men, women had significantly lower mean age (42 vs 34 years). Furthermore, a gender specific risk factor -oral contraceptives, pregnancy, puerperium, and hormone replacement therapy -was identified in 65% of the women. CVST is more common in neonates than it is in infants, children or adults. In adults, CVST affects patients who are younger on average than those with arterial types of stroke. In the ISCVST, the mean age of patients with CVST was 39 years, and only 8% of them were older than 65 years (Ferro & Canhao, 2011). Topographically, the most frequent occurrence of CVST has been observed in the superior sagitral sinus (62%) followed by the transverse (lateral) sinus (41-45%) (Figure 1). www.intechopen.comCerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis -Diagnostic Strategies and Prognostic Models: A Review Reproduced with the written permission from the paper by Saposnik et al. (2011) as derived from data on 624 patients in the International Study on Cerebral Venous and Dural Sinuses Thrombosis as reported by Manolidis & Kutz (2005).The pathogenesis of CVST remains incompletely understood because of the high variability in the anatomy of the venous system, and the paucity of experiments in animal models of CVST. However, there are at least two different mechanisms that may contribute to the clinical features of CVST: a) thrombosis of cerebral veins or dural sinus leading to cerebral parenchymal lesions or dysfunction; and b) occlusion of dural sinus resulting in decreased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) absorption and elevated intracranial pressure. (Figure 2). Obstruction of the venous structures may result in increased venous pressure, decreased capillary perfusion pressure, and increased cerebral blood volume. Dilatation of cerebral veins and recruitment of collateral pathways play an important role in the early phases of CVST and may initially compensate for changes in pressure. The increase in venous and capillary pressure leads to blood-brain barrier disruption, causing vasogenic edema, with leakage of blood plasma into the interstitial space. As intravenous pressure continues to increase, mild parenchymal changes, severe cerebral edema, and venous hemorrhage may occur due to venous or capillary rupture. The increased intravenous pressure may lead to an increase in intravascular pressure and a lowering of cerebral perfusion pressure, resulting in decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF) and failure of energy metabolism. In turn, this allows intracellular entry of water from failure of the Na+/K+ ATPase pump, and consequent cytotoxic edema (Ferro & Canhao, 2011).www.intechopen.com Ferro & Canhao (2011).Advances in our understanding of ...

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Antiphospholipid Syndrome and Vascular Ischemic (Occlusive) Diseases: An Overview

Cited by 24 publications

References 181 publications

Lower cranial nerve palsy, aseptic meningitis and hydrocephalus: unusual presentation of primary antiphospholipid syndrome

Lower cranial nerve palsy, aseptic meningitis and hydrocephalus: unusual presentation of primary antiphospholipid syndrome

Severe Preeclampsia, Antiphospholipid Syndrome, and Ulnar Artery Thrombosis in a Teenage Pregnancy: A Rare Association

Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis - Diagnostic Strategies and Prognostic Models: A Review

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