Antioxidative response patterns of Norway spruce bark to low-density Ceratocystis polonica inoculation

Krajnc, Andreja Urbanek; Novak, Metka; Felicijan, Mateja; Kraševec, Nada; Zupanec, Neja; Komel, Radovan

doi:10.1007/s00468-014-1025-y

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Infection by C. rhododendri caused an increase in several flavonoids and resveratrol and a reduction of picein and shikimic acid in spruce needles (Figure 2). Similarly, in spruce infected by other fungal pathogens an increase of taxifolin (Evensen et al, 2000; Krajnc et al, 2014) and kaempferol 3-glucoside (Bahnweg et al, 2000) was observed. By contrast, shikimic acid is an important precursor for the synthesis of phenylalanine and subsequently for the main flavonoid synthetic pathway (Vogt, 2010), and may decline due to enhanced flavonoid production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Except for taxifolin, the concentrations of the mentioned compounds changed significantly both at the initial and late stages of infection, but with varying extent (Figure 2). Significant infection stage-dependent changes in phenolics were also found in phloem tissue infected by Endoconidiophora polonica (Krajnc et al, 2014) and willow infected by Melampsora rust (Hakulinen et al, 1999). This may be due to the complex infection-triggered signal transduction and activation of metabolic pathways, with a primary accumulation of monomers, which then are gradually modified and converted into insoluble products to isolate the fungus (Matern and Kneusel, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Foliar Phenolic Compounds in Norway Spruce with Varying Susceptibility to Chrysomyxa rhododendri: Analyses of Seasonal and Infection-Induced Accumulation Patterns

et al. 2017

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Secondary phenolic metabolites are involved in plant responses to various biotic stress factors, and are apparently important for the defense against fungal pathogens. In this study, we investigated their role in defense against the rust Chrysomyxa rhododendri in Norway spruce. The fungal pathogen undergoes a seasonal lifecycle with host shift; after overwintering in rhododendron shrubs, it attacks the sprouting current-year spruce needles and causes needle fall in autumn. Repeated infections lead to reduced timber yield and severe problems with rejuvenation in subalpine Norway spruce forests. Trees with varying susceptibility to infection by C. rhododendri were selected and foliar phenolic composition was assessed using UHPLC-MS. We report on seasonal accumulation patterns and infection-related changes in the concentrations of 16 metabolites, including flavonoids, stilbenes, simple phenylpropanoids and the precursor shikimic acid, and their correlation with the infection degree of the tree. We found significant variation in the phenolic profiles during needle development: flavonoids were predominant in the first weeks after sprouting, whereas stilbenes, picein and shikimic acid increased during the first year. Following infection, several flavonoids and resveratrol increased up to 1.8 fold in concentration, whereas picein and shikimic acid were reduced by about 70 and 60%, respectively. The constitutive and early stage infection-induced concentrations of kaempferol, quercetin and taxifolin as well as the late stage infection-induced concentrations of stilbenes and picein were negatively correlated with infection degree. We conclude that a combination of constitutive and inducible accumulation of phenolic compounds is associated with the lower susceptibility of individual trees to C. rhododendri. The potentially fungicidal flavonoid aglycones may limit hyphal growth and prevent development of infection symptoms, and high levels of stilbenes may impede the infection of older needles. The presented results underline a highly compound-specific seasonal accumulation and defense response of Norway spruce and may facilitate the selection of promising trees for breeding programs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Foliar Phenolic Compounds in Norway Spruce with Varying Susceptibility to Chrysomyxa rhododendri: Analyses of Seasonal and Infection-Induced Accumulation Patterns

et al. 2017

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“…Higher levels of piceid were found also in Norway spruce susceptible to E. polonica (Brignolas et al 1995) and in cultivars of grapevine susceptible to downy mildew compared to resistant plants (Pezet et al 2004). The higher levels of phenolic compounds in trees challenged with the fungus could be based on an induced systemic accumulation of phenolics due to repeated infection, as found for example in spruce infected by Sirococcus conigenus (Bahnweg et al 2000), E. polonica (Brignolas et al 1995; Evensen et al 2000; Krajnc et al 2014) or Heterobasidion spp. (Danielsson et al 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) H.Karst), several phenolic compounds were found to be associated with resistance to insects, herbivory and pathogen attack, or showed increased concentration following infection and wounding (Lindberg et al 1992; Brignolas et al 1995; Bahnweg et al 2000; Evensen et al 2000; Delvas et al 2011; Hammerbacher et al 2011, 2013; Fossdal et al 2012; Schiebe et al 2012; Krajnc et al 2014). Furthermore, attempts have been made to use phenolic metabolites as predictors of spruce resistance to insect and microbial attack (Lieutier et al 1997, 2003; Brignolas et al 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association genetics of phenolic needle compounds in Norway spruce with variable susceptibility to needle bladder rust

et al. 2017

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Key messageAccumulation of phenolic needle metabolites in Norway spruce is regulated by many genes with small and additive effects and is correlated with the susceptibility against fungal attack.AbstractNorway spruce accumulates high foliar concentrations of secondary phenolic metabolites, with important functions for pathogen defence responses. However, the molecular genetic basis underlying the quantitative variation of phenolic compounds and their role in enhanced resistance of spruce to infection by needle bladder rust are unknown. To address these questions, a set of 1035 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was associated to the quantitative variation of four simple phenylpropanoids, eight stilbenes, nine flavonoids, six related arithmetic parameters and the susceptibility to infection by Chrysomyxa rhododendri in an unstructured natural population of Norway spruce. Thirty-one significant genetic associations for the flavonoids gallocatechin, kaempferol 3-glucoside and quercetin 3-glucoside and the stilbenes resveratrol, piceatannol, astringin and isorhapontin were discovered, explaining 22–59% of phenotypic variation, and indicating a regulation of phenolic accumulation by many genes with small and additive effects. The phenolics profile differed between trees with high and low susceptibility to the fungus, underlining the importance of phenolic compounds in the defence mechanisms of Norway spruce to C. rhododendri. Results highlight the utility of association studies in non-model tree species and may enable marker-assisted selection of Norway spruce adapted to severe pathogen attack.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11103-017-0589-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Plant phenolics are important antioxidants and are mainly involved in the defence mechanisms of plants against pathogens and insects [59,60]. Many flavonoids and isoflavonoids can serve as antinutrients to phytophagous insects.…”

Section: Phenolicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometric and biochemical screening of old mulberry trees (Morus alba L.) in the former sericulture region of Slovenia

et al. 2019

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Over centuries, in many European countries, the white mulberry trees (<em>Morus alba</em> L.) became an integral part of the cultural landscape, bearing witness to past sericulture activities. The distribution records of white mulberry trees in the cultural landscape are incomplete and in general poorly documented. The aim of the presented research was to collect data regarding geographical locations of mulberry trees and to define their morphological and biochemical variability in Goriška region, one of the historical sericulture regions in Slovenia. Principal component analysis of all morphometrical leaf traits allowed us to characterize two separate groups of morphotypes. Recordings of the tree pruning management revealed that annual base cutting is traditionally used in Goriška region. Significant correlations between pruning management and leaf morphology traits showed that frequently pruned trees form larger leaves. Biochemically, mulberry leaves are shown to be rich in proteins containing threonine, arginine, asparagine, serine, and glutamine as the most prominent free amino acids. The main phenolic compounds were identified as caffeoylquinic acid derivatives, quercetin malonyl-hexoside, rutin, kaempferol acetyl-hexoside, quercetin-3-glucoside, and <em>p</em>-coumaric acid derivatives. The difference in concentrations of the investigated metabolites is correlated either with the pruning management or the morphotype. Pruning significantly affected the levels of asparagine, alanine, and serine, which were higher in the annually pruned trees regardless of the morphotype. Furthermore, we were able to confirm a significant effect of pruning on total phenolics as well as on the levels of rutin, quercetin malonyl-hexoside, and quercetin-3-glucoside contents. Multivariate analysis allowed us to determine seven chemotypes with distinctive biochemical traits. Our results are the basis for defining superior high-yielding genotypes with optimum metabolic composition for both silkworm feeding as well as for innovative usage in food processing and pharmaceutical industries.

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Antioxidative response patterns of Norway spruce bark to low-density Ceratocystis polonica inoculation

Cited by 16 publications

References 58 publications

Foliar Phenolic Compounds in Norway Spruce with Varying Susceptibility to Chrysomyxa rhododendri: Analyses of Seasonal and Infection-Induced Accumulation Patterns

Foliar Phenolic Compounds in Norway Spruce with Varying Susceptibility to Chrysomyxa rhododendri: Analyses of Seasonal and Infection-Induced Accumulation Patterns

Association genetics of phenolic needle compounds in Norway spruce with variable susceptibility to needle bladder rust

Morphometric and biochemical screening of old mulberry trees (Morus alba L.) in the former sericulture region of Slovenia

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