Antioxidative Defense and Fertility Rate in the Assessment of Reprotoxicity Risk Posed by Global Warming

Abstract

The objective of this review is to briefly summarize the recent progress in studies done on the assessment of reprotoxicity risk posed by global warming for the foundation of strategic tool in ecosystem-based adaptation. The selected animal data analysis that was used in this paper focuses on antioxidative markers and fertility rate estimated over the period 2000–2019. We followed a phylogenetic methodology in order to report data on a panel of selected organisms that show dangerous effects. The oxidative damage studies related to temperature fluctuation occurring in biosentinels of different invertebrate and vertebrate classes show a consistently maintained physiological defense. Furthermore, the results from homeothermic and poikilothermic species in our study highlight the influence of temperature rise on reprotoxicity.

Effects of Melatonin Administration to Pregnant Ewes under Heat-Stress Conditions, in Redox Status and Reproductive Outcome

“…Continuous effort has been made to assess the role of antioxidants in reproductive health and fertility rate under the risk of global warming [68]. In the present study, it is concluded that melatonin administration throughout pregnancy leads to the improvement of the redox status in heat-stressed ewes, as well as the pregnancy rate, number of lambs born, and milk yield during puerperium.…”

The Duckweed, <em>Lemna minor</em> Modulates Heavy Metal-induced Oxidative Stress in Nile Tilapia

“…Heavy metals accumulation in fish has potentiality to induce toxicological effects [1,2] and cause oxidative damage to tissues determining cell functions loss [10,11,56]. Cu and Zn inhibit a number of enzymes, it follows that the basis for their toxicity may be due to their diminished activity.…”

“…At transcriptional levels, SOD, CAT, GPx and GST gene expression pattern have been validated as biomarkers of exposure to oxidative stress-inducing chemical pollutants and also to abiotic factors such as hyperthermia [11].…”

“…Contrariwise, much research has shown an increase of hepatic gene expression in relation to toxic metals exposure [74][75][76]. Thus, it has been suggested that expression of antioxidant biomarkers can be enhanced or reduced depending on many factors as the chemical stress intensity and duration, as well as the investigated species sensitivity [11,57,58,74,77,78]. These studies of antioxidative expressions at transcriptional and translational levels can answer fundamental questions linked to the xenobiotic type, exposure times, data on seasonal time of sampling, and the gender and sexual maturity of fish [12,44,45,79].…”

“…Their toxicity involves the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which disturb redox systems [8], and antioxidants [9][10][11]. An overexpression of free radicals production or a downregulation of radicals-scavenging activity alters cellular functions through direct modification of biomolecules and by alteration of signaling pathways [7].…”