Antioxidative defence alterations in skeletal muscle during prolonged acclimation to cold: role ofl-arginine/NO-producing pathway

Abstract

SUMMARYEarly in cold acclimation (1-7·days), heat is produced by shivering, while late in cold acclimation (12-45·days), skeletal muscle contributes to thermogenesis by tissue metabolism other than contractions. Given that both thermogenic phases augment skeletal muscle aerobic power and reactive species production, we aimed in this study to examine possible changes in skeletal muscle antioxidative defence (AD) during early and late cold acclimation with special emphasis on the influence of the Larginine/nitric oxide (NO)-producing pathway on the modulation of AD in this tissue. Adult Mill Hill hybrid hooded rat males were divided into two main groups: a control group, which was kept at room temperature (22±1°C), and a group maintained at 4±1°C for 45·days. The cold-acclimated group was divided into three subgroups: untreated, L-arginine treated and N -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) treated. The AD parameters were determined in the gastrocnemius muscle on day 1, 3, 7, 12, 21 and 45 of cold acclimation. The results showed an improvement of skeletal muscle AD in both early and late cold acclimation. Clear phasedependent changes were seen only in copper, zinc superoxide dismutase activity, which was increased in early cold acclimation but returned to the control level in late acclimation. In contrast, there were no phase-dependent changes in manganese superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase, the activities of which were increased during the whole cold exposure, indicating their engagement in both thermogenic phases. L-Arginine in early cold acclimation accelerated the cold-induced AD response, while in the late phase it sustained increases achieved in the early period. L-NAME affected both early and late acclimation through attenuation and a decrease in the AD response. These data strongly suggest the involvement of the L-arginine/NO pathway in the modulation of skeletal muscle AD.

Regulatory role of PGC-1alpha/PPARs signaling in skeletal muscle metabolic recruitment during cold acclimation

“…In addition, our results suggest that an established molecular basis for increased skeletal muscle lipidbased oxidative metabolism was maintained until the end of the examined time period, when shivering decreased and non-shivering thermogenesis took place. These results are in accordance with our previous data, which showed that from day 3 of cold acclimation there was a conspicuous increase in skeletal muscle catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities, enzymes that remove H 2 O 2 when levels increase because of increased β-oxidation (Petrović et al, 2008). Such a shift toward lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle during prolonged cold exposure highlighted the physiological significance of our recently obtained data concerning white adipose tissue structural ) and endocrine (Jankovic et al, 2013) remodeling during cold acclimation.…”

“…The cold-acclimated group was divided into three subgroups: (1) untreated, (2) L-arginine treated and (3) L-NAME treated. Drugs were administered in drinking water, as 2.25% Larginine HCl or 0.01% L-NAME HCl, as described previously (Saha et al, 1996;Petrović et al, 2005;Petrović et al, 2008). Rats were housed in individual plastic cages with drinking water and food ad libitum.…”

“…Body mass and food and fluid intake were recorded daily for each animal. The obtained data were reported previously (Petrović et al, 2008). At the end of the cold exposure period, animals were killed by decapitation and the gastrocnemius was dissected and rinsed with physiological saline to wash out traces of blood.…”

Mitochondrial uncoupling prevents cold-induced oxidative stress: a case study using UCP1 knock-out mice

“…The Journal of Experimental Biology (2014) doi:10.1242/jeb.092700 mice exposed to cold (Petrovic et al, 2008) and that lifelong exposure to cold caused no significant muscle oxidative damage in wild derived rodents (Selman et al, 2008). Note also that it has recently been demonstrated that physical activity can induce the production of irisin by the muscle, and that this hormone stimulates UCP1 expression and a brown-fat-like development of white adipose cells (Boström et al, 2012).…”

Jian carp ( Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) intestinal immune responses, antioxidant status and tight junction protein mRNA expression are modulated via Nrf2 and PKC in response to dietary arginine deficiency

“…Yet, very limited information is available regarding the effect of arginine on intestinal antioxidant status in fish. In the rat muscle, it has been shown that arginine significantly enhanced the activities of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) [19]. Moreover, the activities of antioxidant enzymes may be associated with their gene transcription levels, which could be regulated by NF-E2-related nuclear factor 2 (Nrf2) and Kelch-like-ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) signalling molecules in fish [20].…”