Antioxidative capacity of C₆₀ (buckminsterfullerene) and newly synthesized fulleropyrrolidine derivatives encapsulated in liposomes

Abstract

C(60) (buckminsterfullerene or fullerene C(60)) has been recognized an efficient free-radical scavenger. Owing to its high antioxidative capacity, C(60) and its derivatives have a great potential for application in biological systems where prevention of oxidative cell damage is desirable. However, poor solubility of native C(60) in water represents a major drawback for its use in biological systems. In order to increase the efficiency of delivery of fullerenes to target tissues it is of great interest to enhance their water solubility by developing hydrophilic organoderivatives of C(60) with retained antioxidative properties, and/or by encapsulating fullerenes in biocompatible liposomes. In the present study, using EPR spin-trapping and spin-labelling techniques, we investigated the antioxidative capacity of C(60) and newly synthesized fulleropyrrolidine derivatives Q-C(60) [N-methyl-(2-quinolyl)fulleropyrrolidine(60)] and I-C(60) [N-methyl-(2-indolyl)fulleropyrrolidine(60)] encapsulated in multilamellar phospholipid liposomes. The capacity for removal of (*)OH (hydroxyl radical) and O2(*-) (superoxide radical) and for the prevention of lipid peroxidation should be stressed as the most relevant biological antioxidative parameters. When these parameters for novel organofullerenes were compared with the the performance of C(60), Q-C(60) and I-C(60) showed similar, or even better, antioxidative characteristics. However, further research is required to establish the toxicity of these derivatives and their antioxidant efficacy in vivo.

Radical scavenging efficiency of different fullerenes C60–C70 and fullerene soot

“…Fullerenes have also found broad application in biomedicine as a quencher of free radicals for precluding cellular breakdown and protecting the liver against free radical damage [47][48][49][50][51]. Addition of the fullerene soot significantly hampered the peroxide formation and thus increased the oxidation stability of rapeseed vegetable oils [52].…”

Probing the Perturbation of Lecithin Bilayers by Unmodified C60 Fullerenes Using Experimental Methods and Computational Simulations

“…The latter is determined by D = 1/τq 2 , where τ is the relaxation time of g (1) (q,t). Electrophoretic measurements for the determination of ζ-potential values of the suspensions were performed in a Malvern Instrument Nano ZetaSizer (U.K.) equipped with a 4 mW He−Ne laser, operating at a wavelength of 633 nm and having an avalanche photodiode as a detector.…”

“…The electric-field time correlation function g (1) (t) (for simplicity we drop the q dependence in the following) was analyzed as a weighted sum of independent exponential contributions, that is…”

“…The distribution of relaxation times L(ln τ) = τ L (τ) was obtained by the inverse Laplace transformation (ILT) of g (1) (q,t) using the CONTIN algorithm. 27 The apparent hydrodynamic radii of the suspended "particles" were determined using the Stokes−Einstein relation…”

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance - A Powerful Tool of Medical Biochemistry in Discovering Mechanisms of Disease and Treatment Prospects

“…It has been applied to determine the AA against • OH radical of mono saccharides (129), extracts of various plants (130), seeds (131), mushrooms (132,133), teas (134), and spices (135), fullerenes (136), polysaccharides (137), vitamins (138), chocolate (139), phenolics (140), metal chelators (141), etc. In contrast to the Fenton system which involves iron (or some other catalytic metal), Haber-Weiss-like reaction represents a metal-free • OHgenerating system.…”