Antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of ellagic acid in liver and brain of rats treated by D-galactose

Abstract

Accumulating evidence has suggested that oxidative stress and apoptosis are involved in the ageing process. D-galactose (gal) has been reported to cause symptoms of ageing in rats, accompanied by liver and brain injuries. Our study aimed to investigate the potential antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of ellagic acid and to explore how these effects act on rats in a D-gal-induced ageing model. Ageing was induced by subcutaneous injection of D-gal (100 mg/kg/d for 8 weeks). Ellagic acid was simultaneously administered to the D-gal-induced ageing rats once daily by intragastric gavage. Finally, the mental condition, body weight, organ index, levels of inflammatory cytokines, antioxidative enzymes, and liver function, as well as the expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins, were monitored. Our results showed that ellagic acid could improve the mental condition, body weight, organ index and significantly decrease the levels of inflammatory cytokines, normalize the activities of antioxidative enzymes, and modulate the expression of apoptotic protein in ageing rats. In conclusion, the results of this study illustrate that ellagic acid was suitable for the treatment of some ageing-associated problems, such as oxidative stress, and had beneficial effects for age-associated diseases.

Protective effect of walnut on d‐galactose‐induced aging mouse model

“…which was the main cause of many types of organ damages. Previous studies also showed that mitochondrial ROS induced the activation of a large number of mitochondrial apoptotic proteins, leading to the cellular apoptosis and organ damages (Chen et al, 2018). d-galactoseinduced aging mouse's liver and brain hippocampi were more susceptible to be injured (Rathod, Kale, & Joshi, 2016).…”

“…In our study, we aimed to demonstrate that during a period of 8 weeks of aging model establishment via subcutaneous injection of d ‐gal in mice, WSC and WS could protect against d ‐gal‐induced organ injury in vivo. Studies showed that mice subcutaneously injected the d ‐gal neck exhibited a significant memory loss, body weight declined, and organ index reduced (Baeta‐Corral et al., ; Chen et al., ; Zhang et al., ). In present studies, it had been clearly demonstrated that the administration of d ‐gal had caused the atrophy of the brain, thymus, and liver, while no significant changes were found on spleen and hear.…”

“…The d ‐gal exposure could also exacerbate oxidative damage, including increased content of malondialdehyde (MDA), and decreased total antioxidative capabilities (AOCs), total superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activities (Yin et al., ). Moreover, the d ‐gal exposure could cause brain hippocampus and liver damage (Chen, Chen, & Zhou, ). Therefore, d ‐galactose‐induced amnesia has been used widely for anti‐aging and organ injury studies (Chen et al., ; Lian et al., ).…”

“…Moreover, the d ‐gal exposure could cause brain hippocampus and liver damage (Chen, Chen, & Zhou, ). Therefore, d ‐galactose‐induced amnesia has been used widely for anti‐aging and organ injury studies (Chen et al., ; Lian et al., ).…”

Chemical composition of cold‐pressed blackberry seed flour extract and its potential health‐beneficial properties

“…Previous studies reported that blocking or inhibiting IL‐1β can significantly lower the risk of chronic diseases (Dinarello, Simon, Jos, & van der Meer, ). Also, ellagic acid, a compound identified in blackberry seed flour extract (Table ), has been reported for its anti‐inflammatory capacity (Chen, Chen, & Zhou, ; El‐Shitany, El‐Bastawissy, & El‐desoky, ). The mechanism of action for ellagic acid's anti‐inflammatory capacity is still not clear.…”