Antioxidative and Immunomodulating Properties of Aronia melanocarpa Extract Rich in Anthocyanins

Abstract

The fruits of Aronia melanocarpa are well known due to their high anthocyanin content that may be effective in preventing certain health disorders arising from oxidative stress. Various polyphenolic compounds such as anthocyanins and flavonoids are responsible for the multiple effects of chokeberry. The aim of this study was to determine in vitro how active the black chokeberry anthocyanins are in scavenging radicals and to evaluate in vivo their immunomodulating capacity. Using the method of column chromatography, we extracted the anthocyanins of black chokeberries, i.e., cyanidin-3-O-galactoside with a purity of over 93.7%. Using HPLC and spectrophotometric analysis, the flavonoid content was determined. Following the analysis of the tests with AAPH and DPPH, the chokeberry cyanidin-3-O-galactoside was found much better than individual anthocyanins in regard to antioxidant capacity. The range of concentrations was revealed, showing the protective effect of anthocyanins on the RPMI-1788 cell culture against cyclophosphamide, as well as against osmotic and peroxide hemolysis. An immunomodulating effect on the functional activity of phagocytes was revealed in vivo as a result of oral administration of chokeberry cyanidin-3-O-galactoside and a mixture composed of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-galactoside standards. Consequently, anthocyanins, in particular cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, play an important role, demonstrating immunomodulating effects when chokeberries are consumed.

Natural Bioactive Substances in Fruits of Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott Exposed to Combined Light-Type, Chitosan Oligosaccharide, and Spent Mushroom Residue Treatments

“…Extracts from its fruits have a significant dose of bioactive compounds, such as total phenolics (~12% dry weight [DW]) and proanthocyanidins (~7% DW) [ 59 ]. Its fruit juice was identified to have remarkable abilities in antioxidation [ 60 ] and immunomodulation [ 61 ]. A high content of anthocyanins contributes to a major composition of raw materials to produce natural dye [ 62 ].…”

Aronia melanocarpa Flavonol Extract—Antiradical and Immunomodulating Activities Analysis

“…According to other studies, the 70% ethanol used in the study was the best extractant due to its lower toxicity and increased extraction of polyphenols with lower selectivity [ 31 , 32 , 33 ]. The Darco G–60 treatment (a modified carbon chromatography sorbent) resulted in lower sugar content (down by 99.74%) compared to 70% ethanol chokeberry extract, with the total number of flavonoids increasing from 39.3 mg/g to 889.63 mg/g (on a dry basis).…”

Assessment of Anticancer Properties of Argemone mexicana L. and Berberine: A Comparative Study

“…The hemolytic and anti-hemolytic determination test using the AAPH oxidative radical in vitro is a method used to evaluate the ability of certain substances to induce or prevent the lysis of red blood cells (erythrocytes) [41], as well as to assess the resistance of red blood cells to oxidation and the ability of certain substances to protect against oxidative stress-induced hemolysis [78]. These tests are used in biomedical and pharmacological research to understand the effect of compounds on the integrity of cell membranes caused by treatments such as plant extracts or natural products [79]. Table 3 presents the results corresponding to tests in human erythrocytes, where the chemoprotective effect of extracts, partitions, and BER was determined compared to the oxidative radical AAPH, which can cause damage to cell membranes and lead to red blood cell lysis [80].…”