Antioxidants, cadmium-induced toxicity, serum biochemical and the histological abnormalities of the kidney and testes of the male wistar rats

Abstract

Summary:The effects of different doses of cadmium (CD) on some biochemical, hormonal and histopathological parameters of the liver, kidney and testes of the Wister rate were investigated. Cadmium (CD) in the dose range 0-40mg/kg while causing a time-and dose-dependent decrease of the basal serum levels of alkaline phosphatese (ALP) also caused a dose-dependent increase in the serum concentration of the acid and prostatic acid phosphatases. The value of the ALP changed from 148.7±1.0 IU/L in the control to 53.7±0.098 at 40mg/kg of cadmium. While the ACP and ACPT changed from 32.6±0.72 and 7 ±Units in the control to 54 and 17 units respectively at 40mg/kg of CD. Furthermore Cadmium also caused positively correlated dose-and time-dependent destruction of the histology of the liver, kidney and testes. These were characterized by vascular congestion, vacuolation, destruction of the seminal epithelial layers, focal necrosis of nucleus, Oedema of the seminal epithelia layers, focal necrosis of nucleus, oedema of the seminiferous tubules and reduction of spermatogenesis. CD also caused granular and eosinophilic cytoplasm, enlargement of sinusoids with kupffer cells, haemorrhage and apoptosis of cells. Finally pre-treatment with vitamin C (0.0015/kg), vitamin E (1.51/gm) and selenium (0.25mg) which on their own had little or no effects on the serum basal phosphatases, hormonal and histological stability caused a reversal of the cadmium-induced biochemical, hormonal and histological toxicities of the liver, kidney and testes. These results may be explained by the oxidational/antioxidational properties of these xeonobiotics and their mechanisms of actions.

The Therapeutic Role of Vitamin E or Zinc and Their Mixture Supplementation on Some Heavy Metals-Induced Testicular Functions Injuries in Male Rats.

“…The present study indicated that the administration of heavy metals to rats produced testicular damage, which led to spermatogenic arrest. Similar observations were noted in experimental animals exposed to heavy metals [29], [30], and [31]. The potential toxicity of heavy metals caused alteration in sperm morphology, count, motility as well as biochemical disruptions of enzymes and hormones [26].…”

Spices Mixture Containing Garlic, Ginger and Nutmeg Has Protective Effects on the Kidneys and Liver of Cadmium Exposed Rats

“…14 The significant alterations in the renal function parameters of Cd exposed animals observed in the present study (Table 1) is in line with the renal toxicity of Cd. 23 It has been observed that Cd induced renal damage is associated with degeneration and hypertrophy of epithelial cells and dialation of glomeruli and massive local haemorrhage of the renal tissues in kidney tubules. 24 The present study however did not include histological examination of various organs, which would have confirmed these changes earlier attributed to Cd toxicity.…”

Protective Effects of Long Term Administration of Zinc on Bone Metabolism Parameters in Male Wistar Rats Treated with Cadmium

“…Twentyseven percent albumin in the young bone is in the tissue fluid and there is about 57% in the calcification matrix, and about 16% is intra-vessel. The whole volume albumin out of vessel in per unit of bone mass is similar to which is in the soft tissue [28,30,31]. The mechanism for decreasing albumin concentration is because of destroying the liver cells following receiving cadmium that this reduction has been neutralized by injecting zinc and then the albumin has returned to its preliminary concentration that indicates zinc has had the preventive effect on cadmium effect.…”