Antioxidants, cadmium-induced toxicity, serum biochemical and the histological abnormalities of the kidney and testes of the male wistar rats

Abstract

Summary:The effects of different doses of cadmium (CD) on some biochemical, hormonal and histopathological parameters of the liver, kidney and testes of the Wister rate were investigated. Cadmium (CD) in the dose range 0-40mg/kg while causing a time-and dose-dependent decrease of the basal serum levels of alkaline phosphatese (ALP) also caused a dose-dependent increase in the serum concentration of the acid and prostatic acid phosphatases. The value of the ALP changed from 148.7±1.0 IU/L in the control to 53.7±0.098 at 40mg/kg of cadmium. While the ACP and ACPT changed from 32.6±0.72 and 7 ±Units in the control to 54 and 17 units respectively at 40mg/kg of CD. Furthermore Cadmium also caused positively correlated dose-and time-dependent destruction of the histology of the liver, kidney and testes. These were characterized by vascular congestion, vacuolation, destruction of the seminal epithelial layers, focal necrosis of nucleus, Oedema of the seminal epithelia layers, focal necrosis of nucleus, oedema of the seminiferous tubules and reduction of spermatogenesis. CD also caused granular and eosinophilic cytoplasm, enlargement of sinusoids with kupffer cells, haemorrhage and apoptosis of cells. Finally pre-treatment with vitamin C (0.0015/kg), vitamin E (1.51/gm) and selenium (0.25mg) which on their own had little or no effects on the serum basal phosphatases, hormonal and histological stability caused a reversal of the cadmium-induced biochemical, hormonal and histological toxicities of the liver, kidney and testes. These results may be explained by the oxidational/antioxidational properties of these xeonobiotics and their mechanisms of actions.

Combined Antioxidant Recovery Properties of Fruit Juice Extracts of Cucumber and Water Melon on Lipid Profile and Gonadal Steroid Levels of Cadmium Induced Testicular Damage on Male Albino Rats

“…There were reductions in germ cell concentration in wistar rats pretreated with low dose of individual whole extracts compared with normal control group while other groups exhibited morphology similar to that of control animals owing to the potential of whole extract of cucumber and watermelon in alleviating the effect of cadmium chloride on the testes. This result is harmony with those obtained by Obianime et al 2009 when antioxidants caused a dose dependent effect on testes induced toxicity of male wistar rats and also the work of Adaikpoh et al, 2009 where pretreatment with vitamin E attenuated the effect of cadmium chloride on rat testes [27,28].…”

Combined Antioxidant Recovery Properties of Fruit Juice Extracts of Cucumber and Water Melon on Lipid Profile and Gonadal Steroid Levels of Cadmium Induced Testicular Damage on Male Albino Rats

“…There were reductions in germ cell concentration in wistar rats pretreated with low dose of individual whole extracts compared with normal control group while other groups exhibited morphology similar to that of control animals owing to the potential of whole extract of cucumber and watermelon in alleviating the effect of cadmium chloride on the testes. This result is harmony with those obtained by Obianime et al 2009 when antioxidants caused a dose dependent effect on testes induced toxicity of male wistar rats and also the work of Adaikpoh et al, 2009 where pretreatment with vitamin E attenuated the effect of cadmium chloride on rat testes [27,28].…”

The Therapeutic Role of Vitamin E or Zinc and Their Mixture Supplementation on Some Heavy Metals-Induced Testicular Functions Injuries in Male Rats.

“…The present study indicated that the administration of heavy metals to rats produced testicular damage, which led to spermatogenic arrest. Similar observations were noted in experimental animals exposed to heavy metals [29], [30], and [31]. The potential toxicity of heavy metals caused alteration in sperm morphology, count, motility as well as biochemical disruptions of enzymes and hormones [26].…”

The protective role of propolis against multi heavy metals-induced oxidative stress-hepato-renal damage in the male of albino rats

“…It then, remains in the tubule cells and results in tubular damage. This interpretation is consistent with Godt et al, (2006); and Obianime & Roberts (2009). Moreover, creatinine showed slight elevation after metal exposure, such elevation is a re ection of the degree of damage to glomerular ltration and is a sensitive biomarker for predicting kidney dysfunction Al-Attar, (2011); Athmouni et al, (2018) and AL-Megrin et al, (2020); however; createnine seemed normal after propolis treatment.…”

Combined Antioxidant Recovery Properties of Fruit Juice Extracts of Cucumber and Water Melon on Lipid Profile and Gonadal Steroid Levels of Cadmium Induced Testicular Damage on Male Albino Rats

“…There were reductions in germ cell concentration in wistar rats pretreated with low dose of individual whole extracts compared with normal control group while other groups exhibited morphology similar to that of control animals owing to the potential of whole extract of cucumber and watermelon in alleviating the effect of cadmium chloride on the testes. This result is harmony with those obtained by Obianime et al 2009 when antioxidants caused a dose dependent effect on testes induced toxicity of male wistar rats and also the work of Adaikpoh et al, 2009 where pretreatment with vitamin E attenuated the effect of cadmium chloride on rat testes [27,28].…”

The Therapeutic Role of Vitamin E or Zinc and Their Mixture Supplementation on Some Heavy Metals-Induced Testicular Functions Injuries in Male Rats.

“…The present study indicated that the administration of heavy metals to rats produced testicular damage, which led to spermatogenic arrest. Similar observations were noted in experimental animals exposed to heavy metals [29], [30], and [31]. The potential toxicity of heavy metals caused alteration in sperm morphology, count, motility as well as biochemical disruptions of enzymes and hormones [26].…”

The protective role of propolis against multi heavy metals-induced oxidative stress-hepato-renal damage in the male of albino rats

“…It then, remains in the tubule cells and results in tubular damage. This interpretation is consistent with Godt et al, (2006); and Obianime & Roberts (2009). Moreover, creatinine showed slight elevation after metal exposure, such elevation is a re ection of the degree of damage to glomerular ltration and is a sensitive biomarker for predicting kidney dysfunction Al-Attar, (2011); Athmouni et al, (2018) and AL-Megrin et al, (2020); however; createnine seemed normal after propolis treatment.…”

Combined Antioxidant Recovery Properties of Fruit Juice Extracts of Cucumber and Water Melon on Lipid Profile and Gonadal Steroid Levels of Cadmium Induced Testicular Damage on Male Albino Rats

“…There were reductions in germ cell concentration in wistar rats pretreated with low dose of individual whole extracts compared with normal control group while other groups exhibited morphology similar to that of control animals owing to the potential of whole extract of cucumber and watermelon in alleviating the effect of cadmium chloride on the testes. This result is harmony with those obtained by Obianime et al 2009 when antioxidants caused a dose dependent effect on testes induced toxicity of male wistar rats and also the work of Adaikpoh et al, 2009 where pretreatment with vitamin E attenuated the effect of cadmium chloride on rat testes [27,28].…”

The Therapeutic Role of Vitamin E or Zinc and Their Mixture Supplementation on Some Heavy Metals-Induced Testicular Functions Injuries in Male Rats.

“…The present study indicated that the administration of heavy metals to rats produced testicular damage, which led to spermatogenic arrest. Similar observations were noted in experimental animals exposed to heavy metals [29], [30], and [31]. The potential toxicity of heavy metals caused alteration in sperm morphology, count, motility as well as biochemical disruptions of enzymes and hormones [26].…”

The protective role of propolis against multi heavy metals-induced oxidative stress-hepato-renal damage in the male of albino rats

“…It then, remains in the tubule cells and results in tubular damage. This interpretation is consistent with Godt et al, (2006); and Obianime & Roberts (2009). Moreover, creatinine showed slight elevation after metal exposure, such elevation is a re ection of the degree of damage to glomerular ltration and is a sensitive biomarker for predicting kidney dysfunction Al-Attar, (2011); Athmouni et al, (2018) and AL-Megrin et al, (2020); however; createnine seemed normal after propolis treatment.…”