Antioxidants: A Possible Role in Kidney Protection

Tylicki, Leszek; Rutkowski, Bolesław; Hörl, Walter H.

doi:10.1159/000073936

Cited by 61 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 149 publications

(159 reference statements)

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“…Only individuals with impaired antioxidant defense, or those faced with conditions of oxidative stress, may benefit from antioxidant therapy. 34 We have noticed that the oxidative stress in RK rats after week 8, which was the end stage of RK, returned to normal, and the redox state in sham rats was also balanced. Under these conditions, giving antioxidant has deleterious effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Oxidative Stress in 5/6 Nephrectomized Rat Model: Effect of Alpha-Lipoic Acid

et al. 2012

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Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a powerful antioxidant, and its effect in ameliorating complications of diabetes mellitus has been widely documented. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of ALA in the disease progression of remnant kidneys (RK). Systolic blood pressure (SBp), hemoglobin, renal function, kidney malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), vitamin E (Vit E) concentrations, p65 nuclear factor (NF)-κB activity, and macrophage infiltration were analyzed in sham and RK rats supplemented with ALA (100 mg/kg body weight, i.p., every other day) or vehicle for 12 weeks. RK rats exhibited increases in SBp, kidney MDA concentration, p65 NF-κB activity, and macrophage infiltration, which were prominent in weeks 4 and 8 and decreased at week 12. RK rats also showed anemia, microalbuminuria, and decreased renal function and kidney GSH and Vit E concentrations. These changes were all attenuated by 8 weeks of ALA treatment compared to RK vehicle group. But the continued ALA treatment after week 8 reversed the beneficial effect on SBp, kidney MDA concentration, p65 NF-κB activity, macrophage infiltration, anemia, microalbuminuria, and renal function, while the beneficial effect was maintained if the treatment was discontinued after week 8. Furthermore, ALA increased albuminuria and kidney MDA concentration in sham animals. In conclusion, ALA administration attenuates oxidative stress, inflammation, and hypertension and delayed the deterioration of kidney function in RK rats with enhanced oxidative stress, while in healthy animals or RK rats with a well-balanced redox state, ALA may act as a pro-oxidant, contributing to renal dysfunction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Oxidative Stress in 5/6 Nephrectomized Rat Model: Effect of Alpha-Lipoic Acid

et al. 2012

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“…24 N-acetylcysteine is an ideal candidate for replenishing tissue GSH levels through two major protective mechanisms: it acts as precursor for GSH synthesis (sulfhydryl source for GSH synthesis) 66 and nucleophile that scavenges reactive oxygen species such as O2 , H2O2 and OH 67 and conjugates with reactive metabolites rendering them less toxic. 68 The underlying mechanisms governing the tissue-specific effects of NAC on SOD protein expression might be due to tissue-specific effectiveness of NAC in reducing the production of superoxide.…”

Section: 50mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects ofN-acetyl-l-cysteine on the female reproductive performance and nephrotoxicity in rats

Helal

2016

Renal Failure

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This study was designed to investigate whether the treatment with the N-acetyl-L-cysteine prior to the administration of chemotherapy drug would prevent from nephrotoxicity and the loss of reproductive performance induced from chemotherapy treatment. Female rats were divided into five equal groups of six each: 1/control group; 2/rats i.p administered saline solution; 3/rats i.p administered holoxan (50 mg/kg b.wt); 4/rats i.p administered N-acetyl-L-cysteine (160 mg/kg b.wt); 5/rats i.p administered holoxan and N-acetyl-L-cysteine at the same doses. After medications, females rats were allowed to mate with males and the pregnant rats were sacrificed on day 18 of gestation. Premating treatment with holoxan showed reduction (p50.05) in reproductive performance. Whereas administration of N-acetyl-L-cysteine prior to treatment with holoxan and then concurrently with it modulated significantly fertility index, progesterone level, decreasing postimplantation loss, resorbed fetuses and improved fetal growth. Additionally, holoxan elevated the renal nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity, oxidative stress, renal functions and caused histological changes in renal tissue. N-Acetyl-L-cysteine treatment reduced (p50.05) renal tissue NADPH oxidase, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde and improved super oxide dismutase (SOD) depletion, elevated levels phosphate, total protein and calcium as well as prevented renal histological damages. N-Acetyl-L-cysteine can confer protection against nitrosative and oxidative stresses in renal tissue induced by holoxan by suppressing NADPH oxidase activation, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide and restoring SOD activity which led to the reduction of reactive oxygen species production and subsequently might effectively improve the gonadal hormone disturbance and reproductive functions. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…20 It is a synthetic precursor of GSH, which can stimulate the intracellular synthesis of GSH and enhances glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity. 21 It is a small molecule that can be freely filtered, with easy access to intracellular compartments and is very effective in neutralizing free radicals intracellularly. 22,23 Studies using animals have confirmed renal protective effect of NAC in druginduced nephrotoxicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%