Antioxidant α-Mangostin Coated Woven Polycaprolactone Nanofibrous Yarn Scaffold for Cardiac Tissue Repair

Abstract

Electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds are one of the most extensively used proven candidates for scaffold-based tissue engineering applications due to their excellent nanoscale architecture and tailorable nature. Despite the advantages of electrospun scaffolds, drawbacks such as low mechanical strength and densely packed nanofibers lead to decreased cell infiltration, preventing diffusion of nutrients and gases. To overcome these shortfalls, nanofiber yarns formed by directly twisting thousands of electrospun nanofibers are considered as building blocks for scaffold fabrication with an appropriate mechanical strength and porosity to enhance cell infiltration. The study illustrates a unique and feasible method to synthesize electrospun nanofiber yarns by using modified collector electrospinning and the yarns were weaved to form a fabric-like scaffold. α-Mangostin, a plant-based bioactive compound with cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties was incorporated into the woven scaffold to evaluate its efficacy as a cardiac patch. Results showed that modification in the scaffold architecture from spun nanofibers to nanofiber yarns led to increase in hydrophilicityleading to enhanced protein adsorption, degradation, cell proliferation, spreading, and infiltration. Here, we report the fabrication of a 3D woven polymer nanofibrous yarn scaffold coated with α-mangostin for cardiac patch applications. Results from the study showed that the scaffold favored stem cell proliferation and supported the functionality of cardiac cells. These fabricated 3D woven scaffolds showed improved angiogenesis and increased tissue compatibility in vivo, showing prospects for the use of a woven scaffold as an ideal template for cardiac tissue engineering applications.

Fabrication of Quercetin-Functionalized Morpholine and Pyridine Motifs-Laden Silk Fibroin Nanofibers for Effective Wound Healing in Preclinical Study

“…Subsequently, the cells were stained with Hoechst dye for 10 min to visualize the cell nuclei on the scaffolds. The scaffolds were gently washed twice with DPBSA and examined using a Fluorescent microscope [ 38 ]. The cell count from different images at different locations for each group (SF and SF-QFM) at 2–6 days was analyzed using ImageJ software version 1.54.…”

Therapeutic Agent-Loaded Fibrous Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications

“…Richard et al recently investigated therapeutic agent-coated PCL-based nanofiber-woven scaffolds for heart regeneration [ 144 ] ( Figure 10 ). The woven scaffold, manufactured by electrospinning with a collecting device to yarn the fibers followed by weaving [ 145 ], exhibited suitable mechanical strength and could serve as an appropriate structure for cell adhesion.…”

Effects of electrospun fibers containing ascorbic acid on oxidative stress reduction for cardiac tissue engineering

“…11 As such, considerable progress has been made in the development of microenvironment modulating biomaterials for cardiac applications, with a major focus on antioxidant materials that can scavenge ROS within diseased sites. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] AA, commonly known as vitamin C, is a non-toxic antioxidant that has been researched extensively for the treatment of myocardial infarction. [22][23][24] A recent systematic review indicated that AA may decrease oxidative stress and inflammation, thus preserve cardiac function, when administered prior to reperfusion.…”

“…Clinical trials to date have only administered antioxidants orally or intravenously, however targeting oxidative stress directly within the diseased site using implantable or injectable materials may more effectively reduce local oxidative stress 11 . As such, considerable progress has been made in the development of microenvironment modulating biomaterials for cardiac applications, with a major focus on antioxidant materials that can scavenge ROS within diseased sites 12–21 …”

“…Electrospinning offers the advantage of straightforward manipulation of scaffold morphology to mimic the architecture of the native tissue 31 . Electrospun fibers have previously encapsulated a range of bioactive molecules such as proteins, 32–34 decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM), 35–37 and various molecules with antioxidant properties 20,38–43 . AA is known to stimulate growth of and production of collagen by fibroblasts, 44 thus has been previously encapsulated within PCL/hyaluronic acid blended fibers 45 and polylactic acid/PCL copolymer fibers 46 for skin tissue engineering, and polylactic acid fibers to promote ECM production for pelvic floor repair 47 .…”