Antioxidant, total phenolic contents and antinociceptive potential of Teucrium stocksianum methanolic extract in different animal models

Abstract

BackgroundOxidative stress and analgesia are connected with different pathological conditions. The drug candidates from synthetic sources are associated with various side effects; therefore, researchers are giving priority to find novel, effective and safe phytomedicines. Teucrium species possesses antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities. The essential oils of Teucrium stocksianum have shown strong antinociceptive potential. Our current study is designed to embark total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant and antinociceptive potential of the methanolic extract of Teucrium stocksianum (METS).MethodPhytochemical composition was determined by using standard methods. Free radical scavenging potential and TPC of METS were assessed by using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and Folin-Ciocalteu Reagent (FCR) respectively. Antinociceptive potential was determined by acetic acid induced abdominal writhing, formalin induced paw licking and tail immersion tests. Different test dose 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight of METS were administered intra peritonealy (i.p) to various groups of mice for the evaluation of analgesic potential.ResultsPhytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, anthraquinone, steroid, phlobatannin, terpenoid, glycoside and reducing sugars. METS was found safe at a dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight. A concentration dependent free radical scavenging effect was observed with methanolic aerial parts extract of Teucrium stocksianum (MAPETS) and methanolic roots extracts of Teucrium stocksianum (MRETS). MAPETS and MRETS have shown highest antioxidant activity 91.72% and 86.19% respectively at 100 μg/ml. MAPETS was found more rich (115.32 mg of GAE/g of dry material) in TPC as compared to MAPETS (105.41 mg of GAE/g). METS demonstrated a dose dependent antinociceptive potential in different pain models, like in acetic acid, formalin and tail immersion showing 83.103%, 80.872% and 67.58% at a dose of 150 mg/kg, similar to acetylsalicylic acid (74.79%, 82.87%, 100 mg/kg) and TramadolR (74%, 30 mg/kg) respectively.ConclusionStrong antioxidant potential and high TPCs are residing in the methanolic extract of T. stocksianum. METS showed analgesic potential in all models of nociception implying that both peripheral and central pathways of analgesia are involved. This might be due to the presence of various classes of phytochemicals in the plant extract.

Inquiry of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Xanthosoma sagittifolium L.: An effective medicinal plant

“…There is another technique, tail immersion test that was used to explore central analgesic activity. The drugs exert their function against tail immersion induced pain, endorsed their actions via µ-opioid receptor instead of kappa and delta receptor [25,26]. Likely, EAF of methanolic extract of X. sagittifolium produced better activity in acetic acid-induced writhing test.…”

Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Activities of Leaves of Saba senegalensis (A.DC) Pichon (Apocynaceae)

“…The acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), as the other NSAIDs, targets the COX-2 enzyme, thereby inhibiting the formation of paw edema. The anti-inflammatory results obtained with HEM and AD in both phases can be attributed to the action of anti-inflammatory agents such as sterols and terpenoids [19]. Steroids are established anti-inflammatory agents that inhibit the production of prostaglandins, not only by inducing the biosynthesis of the phospholipase A2 inhibitor, but also by increasing the level of cyclooxygenase/PGE-isomerase [20,21].…”

“…Acetic acid causes abdominal writhes by releasing certain endogenous chemical substances like histamine, serotonin, bradykinin and different prostaglandins which stimulate the pain sensitive neurons. These neurons are sensitive to pain relieving drugs like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and narcotics [19,37].…”

Extraction of saponins and toxicological profile of Teucrium stocksianum boiss extracts collected from District Swat, Pakistan

“…The extract was concentrated under reduced pressure using rotary evaporator at controlled temperature (40–45°C). The percent yield of the extract was 6.2% (31 g) [ 29 ].…”