Antioxidant Status of Dairy Cows Supplemented Prepartum with Vitamin E and Selenium

Brzezińska-Ślebodzińska, E; Miller, J.K.; Quigley, J.D.; Moore, J R; Madsen, F.C.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(94)77251-9

Cited by 92 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…According to Miller et al (1993), improper feeding and antioxidant deficiencies in the ration during the transition period contribute to reduced muscle tension, which leads to placenta retention. According to Brzezińska-Ślebodzińska et al (1994), deficiency of vitamin E and selenium in the last weeks of pregnancy increases the production of lipid peroxide, and thus the frequency of retained placenta and postpartum metritis. The oxidant-antioxidant imbalance may also contribute to sexual cycle disorders.…”

Section: Oxidative Stress In Ruminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The application of mesenchymal progenitor stem cells for the reduction of oxidative stress in animals

Wojtas¹,

Zachwieja²,

Zwyrzykowska³

et al. 2017

Turk J Biol

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IntroductionEvery cell in both humans and livestock is involved in oxidation-reduction reactions. Their main products are oxygen free radicals, molecules having at least one unpaired electron in their structure (Betteridge, 2000;Czajka, 2006;Uttara et al., 2009). Under normal conditions, an organism seeking the balance equilibrium removes reactive compounds using protective substances and enzymes. Disturbances that occur in the accumulation of these are referred to as oxidative stress (Nisar et al., 2013;Konvičná et al., 2015).The organism is exposed to oxidative stress especially when subjected to intense physical and metabolic exertion. In the case of livestock, oxidative stress occurs as the result of continuous improvement and sharp selection in order to increase productivity (Jóźwik et al., 2012). According to Kimothi and Ghosh (2005), interracial mating is an alternative for alleviating the effects of oxidative stress, but research results of another author (Tanaka et al., 2008) did not confirm the above dependence.Metabolic disorders increase the incidence of oxidative stress. In dairy cows, the predisposing factor is dietary mistakes committed in the last few months of lactation and in the dry period (Blowey, 2005). In addition, fat increased mobilization from the subcutaneous tissue in the perinatal period leads to increased production of lipid peroxide and reactive oxygen species (Konvičná et al., 2015), which contributes to a reduction in the antioxidant capacity of an organism in early lactation (Turk et al., 2005). Similar results were observed in sheep and goats (El-Deeb, 2015).The oxidation-antioxidant imbalance may be an effect of 'stressor' activity. According to Dimitrios et al. (2003), their short-term impact in the form of psychological, physiological, or environmental stimuli activates an organism to induce neurohormonal regulatory mechanisms, which leads to homeostasis. In turn, animals that have been chronically exposed to stress are characterized by higher susceptibility to pathogens, which represents the effect of reducing the adjustment mechanisms (Kock et al., 1987;Ziegler, 1991).An innovative method of oxidative stress reducing in animals can be an application of stem cells, which are isolated from bone marrow, peripheral blood, and umbilical cord or adipose tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have an ability of rapid multiplication, tissue repair, and regeneration. Moreover, MSCs can exhibit an immunosuppressive effect. According to Gala et al. (2010), an important feature of MSCs is their ability to synthesize and secrete cytokines. From the immunological point of view, cytokine proteins produced by leukocytes affect the Abstract: Oxidative stress is the primary cause of lowering of the body's immune status. It arises as a result of intense metabolic processes in humans and animals that involve a decrease in antioxidant enzymes activity at the expense of increased production of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Consequently, this leads to oxidation of lipids, protein...

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Section: Oxidative Stress In Ruminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The application of mesenchymal progenitor stem cells for the reduction of oxidative stress in animals

Wojtas¹,

Zachwieja²,

Zwyrzykowska³

et al. 2017

Turk J Biol

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“…Abuelo et al (2014) recently provided a review of the in vivo benefits of dietary antioxidants on udder health, uterine health and reproductive performance, and incidence of production diseases of periparturient cows. Insufficient dietary antioxidants during this period were suggested to possibly increase oxidative stress and occurrence of retained placenta in dairy cows (Brzezinska-Slebodzinska et al, 1994). However, supplementing transition cows and periparturient heifers with vitamin E resulted in improved signs of oxidative status with regards to higher serum α-tocopherol level, decreased lipid peroxidation and reduced oxidative damage in liver (Brzezinska-Slebodzinska et al, 1994;Bouwstra et al, 2008 and2009).…”

Section: Ruminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Insufficient dietary antioxidants during this period were suggested to possibly increase oxidative stress and occurrence of retained placenta in dairy cows (Brzezinska-Slebodzinska et al, 1994). However, supplementing transition cows and periparturient heifers with vitamin E resulted in improved signs of oxidative status with regards to higher serum α-tocopherol level, decreased lipid peroxidation and reduced oxidative damage in liver (Brzezinska-Slebodzinska et al, 1994;Bouwstra et al, 2008 and2009). A meta-analysis of 19 experiments suggested that dietary addition of vitamin E and Se could decrease the average relative risk of mastitis by 34% (Zeiler et al, 2010).…”

Section: Ruminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: In vivo and postmortem effects of feed antioxidants in livestock: a review of the implications on authorization of antioxidant feed additives

Salami

Guinguina

Agboola

et al. 2016

Animal

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The pivotal roles of regulatory jurisdictions in the feed additive sector cannot be over-emphasized. In the European Union (EU), antioxidant substances are authorized as feed additives for prolonging the shelf life of feedstuffs based on their effect for preventing lipid peroxidation. However, the efficacy of antioxidants transcends their functional use as technological additives in animal feeds. Promising research results have revealed the in vivo efficacy of dietary antioxidants for combating oxidative stress in production animals. The in vivo effect of antioxidants is significant for enhancing animal health and welfare. Similarly, postmortem effect of dietary antioxidants has been demonstrated to improve the nutritional, organoleptic and shelf-life qualities of animal products. In practice, dietary antioxidants have been traditionally used by farmers for these benefits in livestock production. However, some antioxidants particularly when supplemented in excess could act as prooxidants and exert detrimental effects on animal well-being and product quality. Presently, there is no exclusive legislation in the EU to justify the authorization of antioxidant products for these in vivo and postmortem efficacy claims. To indicate these efficacy claims and appropriate dosage on product labels, it is important to broaden the authorization status of antioxidants through the appraisal of existing EU legislations on feed additives. Such regulatory review will have major impact on the legislative categorization of antioxidants and the efficacy assessment in the technical dossier application. The present review harnesses the scientific investigations of these efficacy claims in production animals and, proposes potential categorization and appraisal of in vivo methodologies for efficacy assessment of antioxidants. This review further elucidates the implication of such regulatory review on the practical application of antioxidants as feed additives in livestock production. Effecting these regulatory changes will stimulate the innovation of more potent antioxidant products and create potential new markets that will have profound economic impacts on the feed additive industry. Based on the in vivo efficacy claims, antioxidants may have to contend with the legislative controversy of either to be considered as veterinary drugs or feed additives. In this scenario, antioxidants are not intended to diagnose or cure diseases as ascribed to veterinary products. This twisted distinction can be logically debated with reference to the stipulated status of feed additives in Commission Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003. Nonetheless, it is imperative for relevant stakeholders in the feed additive industry to lobby for the review of existing EU legislations for authorization of antioxidants for these efficacy claims.

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“…Another reason for the oxidative stress to arise in pregnancy is depletion of antioxidant reserves and preparation for lactation (Miller and BrzezinskaSlebodzinska, 1993). All these changes are a result of physiologic adaptation caused by cows being in need of energy during pregnancy (Miller and BrzezinskaSlebodzinska 1993;Brzezinska-Slebodzinska et al, 1994;Stec et al, 1991). During the pregnancy and lactation periods of cows, many studies are conveyed about increasing PON-1 activities on retained fetal membrane (RFM), severe birth and liver hypertrophy (Turk et al, 2004;Bademkıran et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paraoxonase activity an indicator of complications at early stage of complicated pregnant cows

NazliErcan

Yokuş

Kochan

2017

IJAR

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In healthy and complicated pregnant cows, on the 2 nd and 6 th months of pregnancy in order to determine the levels of maternal serum Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity and the possibility of complications can occur during the pregnancy might be a premise indication. Serum samples were taken at 2 nd and 6 th months of 252 pregnant cows at the end of their pregnancies. The cows were classified into two groups such as complicated (Abortion, Dystocia) and non-complicated. Maternal serum PON1 activity in 6 th months was lower at complicated group than normally pregnant group (P=0.004; P<0.01), no difference was discovered between these groups in their 2 nd month of pregnancy (P>0.05). Among the concentration of HDL, TP and globulin no statistical difference was observed between complicated, subgroups and normal births (P>0.05). Levels of PON1 in 2 and 6 months were statistically different between the groups of dystocia and normal pregnancy (P<0.01; P = 0.003), and abort and normal pregnancy (P<0.05; P=0.033). In this study, it was inferred that the evaluation of PON1 activity early indicator of complications for clinicians that might occur in further periods of pregnancy. These results showed the fact that PON1 activity can be used as a marker relatively at the early phases of pregnancy in complicated cows.

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Antioxidant Status of Dairy Cows Supplemented Prepartum with Vitamin E and Selenium

Cited by 92 publications

References 12 publications

The application of mesenchymal progenitor stem cells for the reduction of oxidative stress in animals

The application of mesenchymal progenitor stem cells for the reduction of oxidative stress in animals

Review: In vivo and postmortem effects of feed antioxidants in livestock: a review of the implications on authorization of antioxidant feed additives

Paraoxonase activity an indicator of complications at early stage of complicated pregnant cows

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