Antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in human feto-placental unit

Qanungo, Suparna; Sen, Asim K.; Mukherjea, Manju

doi:10.1016/s0009-8981(99)00051-0

Cited by 43 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Previous human studies have reported interesting but contradictory findings. Some of these studies showed an increase in SOD activity (Sekiba & Yoshioka 1979, Takehara et al 1990, Qanungo et al 1999, whereas one study showed no changes ( Jauniaux et al 2000). However, all these studies only measured total SOD activity which is not informative of the changes in activity of cytosolic SOD1 and/or mitochondrial SOD2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The effectiveness of antioxidant enzymes against ROS varies with the stage of human placental development (Sekiba & Yoshioka 1979, Takehara et al 1990, Qanungo et al 1999, Jauniaux et al 2000, Qanungo & Mukherjea 2000. Oxidative stress during early human placental development (Myatt & Cui 2004) is associated with human pregnancy-related disorders, such as preeclampsia, embryonic resorption, spontaneous abortion and intrauterine growth restriction (Agarwal & Allamaneni 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developmental changes in antioxidant enzymatic defences against oxidative stress in sheep placentomes

Garrel¹,

Fowler²,

Al-Gubory³

2010

Journal of Endocrinology

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Early pregnancy is susceptible to oxidative stress, and thus characterisation of antioxidant systems and pro-and antiapoptotic pathways would improve understanding of placental development and function. We aimed, therefore, to determine the activities of the antioxidant enzymes, copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase (SOD1), manganese-SOD (SOD2), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) peroxidase (GPX) and GSH reductase (GSR); and to quantify the expression of BAX and MCL1 proteins in relation to the developmental changes in antioxidant defences in sheep placentomes sampled on days 35, 55 and 80 of pregnancy. Placentome progesterone content was analyzed to determine steroidogenic capacity. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl were quantified in placentomes as biomarkers of lipid peroxidation and protein damage respectively. Placentome tissues demonstrated significantly increased content of progesterone and MDA at day 80 of pregnancy and protein carbonyl as early as day 50 of pregnancy. Progesterone and MDA contents were not different between days 35 and 55 of pregnancy. While SOD1 and CAT activities did not alter significantly, SOD2 activity decreased from days 35 to 55. GPX activity increased from days 35 to 55 and increased further to day 80 of pregnancy. GSR activity increased from days 35 to 55 of pregnancy. BAX protein expression decreased, while MCL1 increased from days 35 to 55 and 80 of pregnancy. The increased GPX activity was associated with a decrease in the BAX/MCL1 protein expression ratio. Changes in the antioxidant enzymatic defences could be a part of placentome adaptation to reactive oxygen speciesinduced oxidative stress at specific early developmental stages of pregnancy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental changes in antioxidant enzymatic defences against oxidative stress in sheep placentomes

Garrel¹,

Fowler²,

Al-Gubory³

2010

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Efficient functioning of the enzymic and nonenzymic reactive oxygen species scavengers ensures a normal intrauterine fetal growth and development (12,16). Mukherjea and co-workers (17,18) demonstrated that ␣-tocopherol content in the placental membrane increased as gestation progressed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

α-Tocopherol Transfer Protein Is Important for the Normal Development of Placental Labyrinthine Trophoblasts in Mice

Jishage¹,

Arita²,

Igarashi³

et al. 2001

Journal of Biological Chemistry

169

139

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␣-Tocopherol transfer protein (␣-TTP), a cytosolic protein that specifically binds ␣-tocopherol, is known as a product of the causative gene in patients with ataxia that is associated with vitamin E deficiency. Targeted disruption of the ␣-TTP gene revealed that ␣-tocopherol concentration in the circulation was regulated by ␣-TTP expression levels. Male ␣-TTP ؊/؊ mice were fertile; however, placentas of pregnant ␣-TTP ؊/؊ females were severely impaired with marked reduction of labyrinthine trophoblasts, and the embryos died at mid-gestation even when fertilized eggs of ␣-TTP ؉/؉ mice were transferred into ␣-TTP ؊/؊ recipients. The use of excess ␣-tocopherol or a synthetic antioxidant (BO-653) dietary supplement by ␣-TTP ؊/؊ females prevented placental failure and allowed full-term pregnancies. In ␣-TTP ؉/؉ animals, ␣-TTP gene expression was observed in the uterus, and its level transiently increased after implantation (4.5 days postcoitum). Our results suggest that oxidative stress in the labyrinth region of the placenta is protected by vitamin E during development and that in addition to the hepatic ␣-TTP, which governs plasma ␣-tocopherol level, the uterine ␣-TTP may also play an important role in supplying this vitamin.Vitamin E (␣-tocopherol) is the most potent lipid-soluble antioxidant in biological membranes, where it contributes to membrane stability. Patients with ataxia and isolated vitamin E deficiency (AVED) 1 have low or undetectable serum vitamin E concentrations and exhibit neurological dysfunction and muscular weakness. It is now established that ␣-tocopherol transfer protein (␣-TTP), a cytosolic liver protein known to specifically bind to ␣-tocopherol (1), is defective in AVED patients (2), indicating that ␣-TTP is a major determinant of plasma ␣-tocopherol level. Although ␣-tocopherol was initially identified as an anti-sterility factor to prevent abortion (3), the mechanism of action and the molecules responsible for its antisterility effect remain unknown. One of the reasons for this is that vitamin E is difficult to deplete from tissues and requires elaborate manipulations to cause deficiency symptoms to occur in experimental animals. In this study, we established a mouse model lacking ␣-TTP by targeted mutagenesis. This animal model for human AVED patients is suitable for examination of the complex pathophysiology of diseases associated with vitamin E deficiency and/or caused by oxidative stress. Here we examined the role of ␣-TTP in pregnancy and embryogenesis using our new animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODSGeneration of ␣-TTP Knockout Mice-An ␣-TTP targeting vector was constructed from an 8.8-kb ␣-TTP genome fragment encompassing exon 1. We inserted a fragment of PGK-neo cassette into the SmaI-SmaI site positioned 5Ј and 3Ј to exon 1 and flanked a 1.8-kb fragment of HSV-tk gene downstream of exon 2. AB2.2-Prime ES cells (Lexicon Genetics) or A3-1 ES (4) cells were transfected by electroporation with a linearized targeting vector. G418/gancyclovir-resistant clones were screened by PCR, and...

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“…Adequate placental antioxidant status early in pregnancy could prevent those disorders induced by oxidative stress that lead to impairment of placental function and development, foetal growth and pregnancy outcomes. Indeed, the effectiveness of antioxidant enzymatic defences against oxidative stress varies with the stage of placental development in humans (Sekiba & Yoshioka 1979, Takehara et al 1990, Qanungo et al 1999, Jauniaux et al 2000, Qanungo & Mukherjea 2000 and sheep (Garrel et al 2010). These previous data suggest that enhanced activities of key antioxidant enzymes with gestational ages may act as protective mechanism against oxidative stress during early human and sheep placental development and growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Antioxidant adaptive responses of extraembryonic tissues from cloned and non-cloned bovine conceptuses to oxidative stress during early pregnancy

Al-Gubory¹,

Garrel²,

Delatouche³

et al. 2010

Reproduction

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Placental oxidative stress has been suggested as a key factor in early pregnancy failure. Abnormal placental development limits success in pregnancies obtained by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Malondialdehyde (MDA) content, an index of oxidative stress, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities were determined in bovine extraembryonic tissues of SCNT or artificial insemination (AI) conceptuses. Chorionic tissues of SCNT and AI conceptuses show no difference in MDA content at day 32 of pregnancy. MDA content in chorionic tissues of SCNT and AI conceptuses decreased from day 32 to 62 of pregnancy. MDA content was lower in chorionic tissues of SCNT conceptuses than that in chorionic tissues of AI conceptuses at day 62 of pregnancy. SOD1, SOD2 and GPX activities in chorionic tissues of SCNT conceptuses were not different from those in chorionic tissues of AI conceptuses at both gestational ages. CAT activity in chorionic tissues of SCNT conceptuses was lower at day 32, and it was higher at day 62 of pregnancy than that in chorionic tissues of AI conceptuses. CAT and GPX activities increased in chorionic tissues of SCNT conceptuses with gestational age. SOD1 activity decreased while that of SOD2 and GPX increased in chorionic tissues of AI conceptuses with gestational age. At day 62 of pregnancy, MDA content and enzyme activities in cotyledonary tissues were not different between AI and SCNT conceptuses. Different antioxidant mechanisms may operate within the chorion of AI and SCNT conceptuses. Further experiments are required to elucidate this point.

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Antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in human feto-placental unit

Cited by 43 publications

References 34 publications

Developmental changes in antioxidant enzymatic defences against oxidative stress in sheep placentomes

Developmental changes in antioxidant enzymatic defences against oxidative stress in sheep placentomes

α-Tocopherol Transfer Protein Is Important for the Normal Development of Placental Labyrinthine Trophoblasts in Mice

Antioxidant adaptive responses of extraembryonic tissues from cloned and non-cloned bovine conceptuses to oxidative stress during early pregnancy

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