Antioxidant Properties of Indole-3-Pyruvic Acid

The aim was to identify potentially treatable risk factors for cerebral white matter lesions often found on MRI in elderly persons. findings were assessed on 1.0 T MRI of 178 subjects living in the community and aged 60 years or older. Participants underwent standardised evaluations including standard questionnaires, a physical and neurological examination, cognitive function tests, electrocardiogram, a complete blood chemistry panel, and plasma amino acid measurements. Brain MRI infarcts, deep white matter lesions (DWMLs), and periventricular hyperintensities were found in 26%, 43%, and 29% of the 178 participants, respectively. Subjects with DWMLs were significantly older and had a higher frequency of hypertension, higher systolic blood pressure, and more brain infarcts, but lower plasma concentrations of tryptophan. In the multivariate model, greater age and lower plasma tryptophan concentrations were independently associated with DWMLs. Tryptophan concentrations were inversely related to DWML grading, whereas hypertension and brain infarction were more common in subjects with higher extents of DWMLs. The present study suggests that greater age and lower plasma tryptophan concentrations were important in producing DWMLs in elderly subjects. (J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1999;66:100-103)

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“…These indoleamines act as antioxidants 19. In this context, our results accord well with those by Schmidt et al 8.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Decreased plasma tryptophan associated with deep white matter lesions in elderly subjects

Yao

Yuzuriha

Koga

et al. 1999

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

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“…IPyr also attenuated oxidative cellular injury in the brain, but the compound was much less effective at preventing oxidative stress compared with other indole derivatives, such as indole-3-propionate. [19], [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effect of Indole-3-Pyruvate against Ultraviolet B-Induced Damage to Cultured HaCaT Keratinocytes and the Skin of Hairless Mice

et al. 2014

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Previous investigations demonstrated that pyruvate protects human keratinocytes against cell damage stemming from exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. This study endeavoured to elucidate the protective capacity of aromatic pyruvates (e.g., phenylpyruvate (PPyr), 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate (HPPyr), and indole-3-pyruvate (IPyr)) against UVB-induced injury to skin cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Cultured human HaCaT keratinocytes were irradiated with UVB light (60 mJ/cm2) and maintained with or without test compounds (1–25 mM). In addition, the dorsal skin of hairless mice (HR-1) was treated with test compounds (100 µmol) and exposed to UVB light (1 J/cm2) for two times. The ability of the test compounds to ameliorate UVB-induced cytotoxicity and inflammation was then assessed. Aromatic pyruvates reduced cytotoxicity in UVB-irradiated HaCaT keratinocytes, and also diminished the expression of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). IPyr was more efficacious than either PPyr or HPPyr. Furthermore, only IPyr inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) expression at both the mRNA and the protein level in UVB-treated keratinocytes. Topical application of IPyr to the dorsal skin of hairless mice reduced the severity of UVB-induced skin lesions, the augmentation of dermal thickness, and transepithelial water loss. Overproduction of IL-1β and IL-6 in response to UVB radiation was also suppressed in vivo by the topical administration of IPyr. These data strongly suggest that IPyr might find utility as a UVB-blocking reagent in therapeutic strategies to lessen UVB-induced inflammatory skin damage.

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“…KYNA is also generated from TRP via tryptophan aminotransferase and ROS (Politi et al 1991(Politi et al , 1996. In contrast with QUIN, KYNA might have a neuroprotective effect: in excitotoxic, ischaemia-induced and neuronal conditions it is able to prevent neuronal death (Smith et al 1993;Gigler et al 2007).…”

Section: Effects Of Kynurenines On Brainstem Structures Related To MImentioning

confidence: 97%

Where does a migraine attack originate? In the brainstem

et al. 2012

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Migraine is a common, paroxysmal, highly disabling primary headache disorder. The origin of migraine attacks is enigmatic. Numerous clinical and experimental results suggest that the activation of distinct brainstem nuclei is crucial in its pathogenesis, but the primary cause of this activation is not fully understood. We conclude that the initialization of a migraine attack can be explained as an altered function of the neuronal elements of the brainstem nuclei. In light of our findings and the literature data, we can assume that migraine is a subcortical disorder of a specific brainstem area.

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Antioxidant Properties of Indole-3-Pyruvic Acid

Cited by 27 publications

References 29 publications

Decreased plasma tryptophan associated with deep white matter lesions in elderly subjects

Decreased plasma tryptophan associated with deep white matter lesions in elderly subjects

Protective Effect of Indole-3-Pyruvate against Ultraviolet B-Induced Damage to Cultured HaCaT Keratinocytes and the Skin of Hairless Mice

Where does a migraine attack originate? In the brainstem

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