Antioxidant properties of<i>Plumbago zeylanica</i>, an Indian medicinal plant and its active ingredient, plumbagin

Tilak, Jai C.; Adhikari, Sushil; Devasagayam, T.P.A.

doi:10.1179/135100004225005976

Cited by 150 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…We postulated that plumbagin mediates its various activities through suppression of the transcription factor nuclear factor-B (NF-B), 2 for the following reasons. First, various carcinogens and tumor promoters have been shown to activate NF-B; second, constitutive expression of NF-B is frequently found in tumor cells; third, NF-B activation induces resistance to chemotherapeutic agents and to radiation; fourth, several genes involved in tumor initiation, promotion, and metastasis are regulated by NF-B.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone), a naturally occurring yellow pigment, is found in the plants of the Plumbaginaceae, Droseraceae, Ancestrocladaceae, and Dioncophyllaceae families. The root of Plumbago zeylanica (also called Chitrak), a major source of plumbagin, has been used in the Indian medicine since the period of Charaka, from 750 BC, as an antiatherogenic, cardiotonic, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective agent (1,2). The active principle, plumbagin, was first isolated in 1829 (3).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Plumbagin (5-Hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) Suppresses NF-κB Activation and NF-κB-regulated Gene Products Through Modulation of p65 and IκBα Kinase Activation, Leading to Potentiation of Apoptosis Induced by Cytokine and Chemotherapeutic Agents

Sandur

Ichikawa

Sethi

et al. 2006

Journal of Biological Chemistry

310

260

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Plumbagin, derived from the medicinal plant Plumbago zeylanica, modulates cellular proliferation, carcinogenesis, and radioresistance, all known to be regulated by the activation of the transcription factor NF-B, suggesting plumbagin might affect the NF-B activation pathway. We found that plumbagin inhibited NF-B activation induced by TNF, and other carcinogens and inflammatory stimuli (e.g. phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, H 2 O 2 , cigarette smoke condensate, interleukin-1␤, lipopolysaccharide, and okadaic acid). Plumbagin also suppressed the constitutive NF-B activation in certain tumor cells. The suppression of NF-B activation correlated with sequential inhibition of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced activation of IB␣ kinase, IB␣ phosphorylation, IB␣ degradation, p65 phosphorylation, p65 nuclear translocation, and the NF-B-dependent reporter gene expression activated by TNF, TNFR1, TRAF2, NIK, IKK-␤, and the p65 subunit of NF-B. Plumbagin also suppressed the direct binding of nuclear p65 and recombinant p65 to the DNA, and this binding was reversed by dithiothreitol both in vitro and in vivo. However, plumbagin did not inhibit p65 binding to DNA when cells were transfected with the p65 plasmid containing cysteine 38 mutated to serine. Plumbagin down-regulated the expression of NF-B-regulated anti-apoptotic (IAP1, IAP2, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, cFLIP, Bfl-1/A1, and survivin), proliferative (cyclin D1 and COX-2), and angiogenic (matrix metalloproteinase-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor) gene products. This led to potentiation of apoptosis induced by TNF and paclitaxel and inhibited cell invasion. Overall, our results indicate that plumbagin is a potent inhibitor of the NF-B activation pathway that leads to suppression of NF-B-regulated gene products. This may explain its cell growth modulatory, anticarcinogenic, and radiosensitizing effects previously described.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Plumbagin (5-Hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) Suppresses NF-κB Activation and NF-κB-regulated Gene Products Through Modulation of p65 and IκBα Kinase Activation, Leading to Potentiation of Apoptosis Induced by Cytokine and Chemotherapeutic Agents

Sandur

Ichikawa

Sethi

et al. 2006

Journal of Biological Chemistry

310

260

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“…PZ is reported to contain plumbagin as a chief constituent and which is having anti-oxidant ability (Liu et al, 2006;Tilak et al, 2004). The findings of HPLC study provide the evidences for the presence of plumbagin which standardized the methanolic extract of PZ.…”

Section: Science Publicationsmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…The root of PZ is used as folklore medicine for the treatment of inflammation, wound, rheumatoid pain, leishmania, scabies, leprosy, ulcers and elimination of intestinal parasites and hepatic diseases (Chiu and Chang, 2003;Kanchana and Sadiq, 2011). PZ is being used as hepatoprotective and also added to several herbal or ayurvedic formulations like Liv-52, Chitraka haritaki and Yograjguggal, prescribed to treat various hepatic insufficiencies like liver enlargement, jaundice, Science Publications AJPT cirrhosis (Karandikar et al, 1963;Tilak et al, 2004). Moreover, PZ is also reported to have anti-atherogenic, anti-hyperglycemic, anticancer, anti-ulcer, anti-pyretic and antibacterial activities (Lin et al, 2003;Olagunju et al, 1999).…”

Section: Plumbagomentioning

confidence: 99%

POSSIBLE MECHANISM OF <i>PLUMBAGO ZEYLANICA</i> IN PREVENTION OF HEPATIC DAMMAGE IN WISTAR RAT

Goyal¹

2012

American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology

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Plumbago zeylanica root has been used traditionally to treat various body ailments including liver diseases. The present study was designed to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of standardized methanolic extract of Plumbago zeylanica root on paracetamol, CCl 4 and alcohol induced hepatic injuries in rats and its possible mechanism(s) of hepatoprotection. Administration of hepatotoxicants like paracetamol (3 g kgto Wistar albino rats (180-240 g of either sex, n = 8) caused significant increase in serum ALT, AST, ALP and bilirubin; tissue lipid peroxidation, nitrite/nitrate, collagen; and decrease in tissue GSH and SOD levels. The liver histopathology revealed central vein dilation, infiltration and fatty degeneration in hepatotoxicant control groups. Pretreatment with methanolic extract of Plumbago zeylanica (100, 200 and 400 mg kg −1 ) and silymarin (50 mg kg −1 ) as standard significantly reversed these toxic changes dose dependently, as compared to hepatotoxicant control. The results in present study suggested that Plumbago zeylanica root possesses marked hepatoprotective potential through its oxidative, inflammatory and fibrotic effects against experimentally induced liver toxicity. These findings support and extend the rational basis for the use of this plant as hepatoprotective in traditional and folk-lore medicine.

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“…Several studies suggest that these activities arise mainly out of its ability to undergo redox cycling, generating reactive oxygen species and chelating trace metals in biological systems (TILAK et al, 2004;KLAUS et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterologous expression of predicted promoter site for paraquat-inducible genes of the bacterium Chromobacterium violaceum is increased by plumbagin

et al. 2017

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ResumoRegião predita de um promotor de genes induzíveis por paraquat da bactéria Chromobacterium violaceum sofre indução heteróloga pelo composto plumbagin. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar funcionalmente a inluência do composto plumbagin sobre a indução heteróloga de uma região promotora predita de genes paraquat-induzíveis revelada durante as análises de anotação do genoma da bactéria Chromobacterium violaceum. A região promotora de interesse de C. violaceum foi ampliicada a partir de sequências oligonucleotídicas especíicas e clonada em vetor conjugativo, sendo acoplada à região codiicante do gene lacZ de Escherichia coli. Em seguida, a indução heteróloga desse segmento regulatório foi estimada em cepa de E. coli na presença do plumbagin em uma concentração inal de 50 µg/mL por mensurações dos níveis de expressão da enzima β-galactosidase. Diferenças signiicativas nos níveis da β-galactosidase foram observadas como resultado da ativação da região promotora de interesse pelo plumbagin na concentração testada em comparação às condições controle. Por outro lado, nenhum crescimento da cepa selvagem de C. violaceum foi observado durante a incubação dessas células em meio nutritivo contendo diferentes concentrações do plumbagin. As descobertas descritas aqui sugerem que uma região promotora predita para genes paraquatinduzíveis da bactéria C. violaceum sofra indução heteróloga pelo plumbagin, reforçando evidências acerca da caracterização funcional de motivos regulatórios intrínsecos a essa bactéria. Palavras-chave: Agente oxidante; Expressão heteróloga; Genoma funcional AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate functionally the effect of plumbagin on the heterologous expression of a predicted promoter region of open reading frames of paraquat-inducible (pqi) genes revealed during genome Revista Biotemas, 30 (2), junho de 2017 2 J. E. Gabriel et al.annotation analyses of the bacterium Chromobacterium violaceum. First, the promoter of interest was ampliied using speciic primers and cloned into a conjugative vector carrying the Escherichia coli lacZ gene without a promoter. The heterologous expression of the predicted promoter region was then examined in the presence of 50 µg/mL plumbagin by β-galactosidase expression assays. Signiicant differences were detected in the levels of β-galactosidase as a result of the activation of the promoter region of interest in response to plumbagin at the concentration tested. On the other hand, no growth of the wild strain of C. violaceum was found during its incubation in nutrient broth medium containing different concentrations of plumbagin compared to control group. The indings described herein demonstrate that the heterologous expression of a predicted promoter site of pqi genes of C. violaceum is induced by plumbagin in a fusion strain, giving insights into the functional characterization of intrinsic regulatory DNA motifs annotated in this bacterial genome.

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Antioxidant properties ofPlumbago zeylanica, an Indian medicinal plant and its active ingredient, plumbagin

Cited by 150 publications

References 35 publications

Plumbagin (5-Hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) Suppresses NF-κB Activation and NF-κB-regulated Gene Products Through Modulation of p65 and IκBα Kinase Activation, Leading to Potentiation of Apoptosis Induced by Cytokine and Chemotherapeutic Agents

Plumbagin (5-Hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) Suppresses NF-κB Activation and NF-κB-regulated Gene Products Through Modulation of p65 and IκBα Kinase Activation, Leading to Potentiation of Apoptosis Induced by Cytokine and Chemotherapeutic Agents

POSSIBLE MECHANISM OF <i>PLUMBAGO ZEYLANICA</i> IN PREVENTION OF HEPATIC DAMMAGE IN WISTAR RAT

Heterologous expression of predicted promoter site for paraquat-inducible genes of the bacterium Chromobacterium violaceum is increased by plumbagin

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