Antioxidant Profile and Biosafety of White Truffle Mycelial Products Obtained by Solid-State Fermentation

Abstract

Solid-state fermentation may produce therapeutic compounds with higher biomass or better product characteristics than those generated by submerged fermentation. The objectives of this study were to analyze the antioxidant activities and biosafety of products obtained by white truffle (Tuber magnatum) solid-state fermentation in media with different ratios of soybean and red adlay. High levels of antioxidant components and high antioxidant activities such as DPPH radical scavenging, ferrous ion chelation, and reducing power were measured in 20 mg/mL water and ethanol extracts of the white truffle fermentation products. When the solid-state fermentation medium contained soybean and red adlay in a 1:3 ratio (S1A3), the fermentation product had more uniform antioxidant compositions and activities by principal component analysis (PCA). In addition, a 200 ppm water extract of the mycelial fermentation product was able to protect zebrafish embryos from oxidative stress induced by 5 mM hydrogen peroxide. Sprague–Dawley rats were fed the mycelial fermentation product for 90 consecutive days, revealing a no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of 3000 mg/kg BW/day. Therefore, mycelial products obtained by white truffle solid-state fermentation can be used instead of expensive fruiting bodies as a good source of antioxidant ingredients.

Metabolite profiling, antioxidant and anti-glycemic activities of Tartary buckwheat processed by solid-state fermentation(SSF)with Ganoderma lucidum

“…These hydrolytic enzymes hydrolyze the polymers consisting of xylan, cellulose and lignin together, which are mainly present in the secondary cell wall of buckwheat, into monosaccharides ( Bei et al, 2018 ). Thus, providing a rich carbon source material for Ganoderma lucidum mycelium to promote mycelial growth, thereby increasing the crude polysaccharide content in the mycelial fermentation product ( Hsu et al, 2021 ). Ganoderma triterpenes are one of the main medicinal components of Ganoderma lucidum and an important index to measure its economic value.…”

“…According to Hsu, Chen, Lai, & Chen (2021) with slight modifications, 0.3 mL of methanol extract was pipetted in a 10 mL test tube; the tube was put into a 90 °C water bath to evaporate the solvent. Then, 0.1 mL 5% vanillin-glacial acetic acid and 0.8 mL perchloric acid were added, mixed thoroughly and redissolved at 60 °C.…”

“…The extraction was conducted according to the method adopted by Hsu et al (2021) with slight modifications. A 0.5 g sample was weighed, added to 20 mL of anhydrous ethanol and extracted by ultrasonication for 30 min.…”

“…A standard curve was made using Trolox as an equivalent, where y is the absorbance and x is the Trolox molar concentration (mmol/L), and besides, it was also plotted employing different concentrations of Trolox standard solutions. The reducing power and OH − radical scavenging capacity ability was determined according to the method adopted by Hsu et al ( Hsu et al, 2021 ), with Trolox as the positive control and the reducing power of the sample expressed as the equivalent of Trolox standard (μmol Trolox/100 g DW) in 100 g of Tartary buckwheat dry weight.…”

Influence of Radio Frequency Heating on the Pasteurization and Drying of Solid-State Fermented Wolfiporia cocos Products

“…The absorbance was monitored at 700 nm using a spectrophotometer. Ascorbic acid and BHA were used as controls [ 32 ].…”