Antioxidant Potential Overviews of Secondary Metabolites (Polyphenols) in Fruits

Abstract

The rise in consumption of energy-dense foods has resulted in the displacement of several essential dietary gaps, causing numerous long-lasting diseases, including obesity, stroke, hypertension, and several forms of cancer. Epidemiological studies encourage more fruit consumption to prevent these diseases. The defensive mechanisms provided by these fruits against illness are due to the existence of several antioxidants. Recent studies proved that (poly) phenolic compounds are ideally the core phytochemicals with both functional and health-promoting properties found in the plant’s kingdom, and low intake could result in the risk of certain diseases. Phytonutrients are powerful antioxidants that can modify metabolic activation and detoxification of carcinogens. The ideal motive of this review is to provide an overview as well as illuminate the polyphenolic merits of fruits in general. Fruits have several merits, including weight maintenance, proper health development, and satiety. There are many analytical methods for determining and measuring the phenolic content of different products. Phenolic compounds are of nutritional interest since they aid in the retardation and inhibition of lipids by acting as scavengers that prevent and protect the proliferation of oxidative chains. Future studies are required to help identify the physiological metabolic activities as well as to improve human health.

Prevention by Dietary Polyphenols (Resveratrol, Quercetin, Apigenin) Against 7-Ketocholesterol-Induced Oxiapoptophagy in Neuronal N2a Cells: Potential Interest for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative and Age-Related Diseases

“…In addition, these molecules have a short plasma half life and are rapidly metabolized leading to the formation of glucurono, sulfo or tauro-conjugates [ 111 ]. While some of these secondary metabolites are inactive, others may have beneficial activities [ 112 ]; consequently, for each polyphenol, identifying stable and bioactive metabolites is of therapeutic interest. In vitro, alternative methods to animal experimentation (Lab on Chips), including several cell types in a dynamic context (microfluidic), would make it possible to specify whether polyphenols but especially their metabolites can efficiently pass a succession of different barriers and are active on defined target cells [ 29 ].…”

Foliar Aspersion of Salicylic Acid Improves Nutraceutical Quality and Fruit Yield in Tomato

“…The improvement of nutraceutical attributes through the application of biostimulants or elicitors, such as SA, is a response of plants to the stress caused by them, increasing the synthesis of phytochemical compounds [47]. Among the most relevant antioxidants produced by tomato, lycopene is considered a bioactive compound due to its importance related to the antioxidant capacity in vegetables, which is known to increase when secondary metabolism is activated, a condition caused by SA applications [5,48]. The observed increases of vitamin C in tomato fruits treated with foliar applications of SA were similar to those reported previously by Hafeznia et al [49], which is explained by a higher production of carbohydrates promoted by SA, being effective precursors for the synthesis of ascorbic acid [50].…”

Stachys sieboldii Miq. Root Attenuates Weight Gain and Dyslipidemia in Rats on a High-Fat and High-Cholesterol Diet

“…Antioxidants protect against such diseases by scavenging excessively produced ROS, inhibiting ROS formation, reducing the oxidation of cellular molecules, alleviating oxidative stress and binding to metal ions [ 44 ]. In addition, vitamins C and E, which are highly available in SS, help to prevent the development of oxidative chains by serving as antioxidant radical scavengers [ 45 ]. As a good antioxidant source, such as flavonoids and polyphenols, we hypothesized that SS consumption may possess therapeutic potential for obesity-related dyslipidemia and its subsequent risk of CVD.…”