Antioxidant Potential of Pyrimidine Derivatives against Oxidative Stress

Nair, Nisha; Majeed, Jaseela; Pandey, P. K.; Sweety, Ruchi; Thakur, Renu

doi:10.36468/pharmaceutical-sciences.890

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…Synthetic methods for pyrimidines have been reviewed by [ 91 ]. Pyrimidines are good antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents [ 92 , 93 ]. Pyrazolo[3,4- d ] pyrimidine derivatives exert therapeutic effects in neurodegenerative diseases.…”

Section: Nitrogen Heterocycles As Modulators Of the Nrf2 Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

NRF2 Activation by Nitrogen Heterocycles: A Review

et al. 2023

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Several nitrogen heterocyclic analogues have been applied to clinical practice, and about 75% of drugs approved by the FDA contain at least a heterocyclic moiety. Thus, nitrogen heterocycles are beneficial scaffolds that occupy a central position in the development of new drugs. The fact that certain nitrogen heterocyclic compounds significantly activate the NRF2/ARE signaling pathway and upregulate the expression of NRF2-dependent genes, especially HO-1 and NQO1, underscores the need to study the roles and pharmacological effects of N-based heterocyclic moieties in NRF2 activation. Furthermore, nitrogen heterocycles exhibit significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. NRF2-activating molecules have been of tremendous research interest in recent times due to their therapeutic roles in neuroinflammation and oxidative stress-mediated diseases. A comprehensive review of the NRF2-inducing activities of N-based heterocycles and their derivatives will broaden their therapeutic prospects in a wide range of diseases. Thus, the present review, as the first of its kind, provides an overview of the roles and effects of nitrogen heterocyclic moieties in the activation of the NRF2 signaling pathway underpinning their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions in several diseases, their pharmacological properties and structural–activity relationship are also discussed with the aim of making new discoveries that will stimulate innovative research in this area.

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Section: Nitrogen Heterocycles As Modulators Of the Nrf2 Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

NRF2 Activation by Nitrogen Heterocycles: A Review

et al. 2023

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“…Pyrimidines are one of the important and most active classes of organic compounds. Naturally occurring compounds such as nucleotides, nucleic acids, vitamins, coenzymes, purines, pterins, and uric acids include pyrimidine core [155,156]. Zidovudine, stavudine, 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate, imatinib, dasatinib, pazopanib, nilotinib, uramustine, tegafur, trimethoprim, sulfamethazine, minoxidil, phenobarbital, primidone, and risperidone are some of the medications that contain this heterocyclic moiety [157,158].…”

Section: Pyrimidinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zidovudine, stavudine, 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate, imatinib, dasatinib, pazopanib, nilotinib, uramustine, tegafur, trimethoprim, sulfamethazine, minoxidil, phenobarbital, primidone, and risperidone are some of the medications that contain this heterocyclic moiety [157,158]. Additionally, pyrimidine analogues have been found to have antibacterial [159], antifungal [160], antileishmanial [161], antiinflammatory [162], analgesic [163], antihypertensive [164], antipyretic [165], antiviral [166], antidiabetic [167], anticonvulsant [168], antioxidant [155].…”

Section: Pyrimidinementioning

confidence: 99%

Chalcones: Versatile intermediates in heterocyclic synthesis

Nayak

Gaonkar

Sabu

2023

Journal of Heterocyclic Chem

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Chalcones are a fascinating and well‐studied group of organic molecules. Synthesis of chalcones has been one of the essential areas of organic synthesis over the last few decades because of their immense therapeutic and excellent photophysical properties. Furthermore, these chalcone derivatives can be utilized to make a variety of heterocyclic compounds, especially five‐ and six‐membered heterocycles. Heterocyclic compounds have a long history in chemistry, primarily in pharmaceuticals. However, synthesizing some specific heterocyclic molecules remains challenging and requires multistep processes with few possible intermediates. Chalcones can be considered as one of the most useful, readily available intermediates in heterocyclic synthesis. Herein, the synthesis of various potential heterocyclic compounds using chalcones as an intermediate is elaborated. This review shows the untapped potential of chalcones in organic synthesis. Also, it will assist the chemist in designing new heterocycles by adopting these strategies.

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“…The pyrimidine core is a naturally occurring chemical that can be found in nucleotides, nucleic acids, vitamins, coenzymes, purines, pterins, and uric acids. 148 A variety of pyrimidine derivatives have attracted interest due to their intriguing pharmacological properties, such as anticancer, antiviral, antioxidant, antimalarial, antibacterial, antifungal anti-inflammatory, and anti-hypertensive activities. [149][150][151][152][153][154][155][156][157][158][159] The reaction of chalcone with guanidine, urea or thiourea forms pyrimidine derivatives.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%