Antioxidant Potential of Phoenix dactylifera Linn Extract and its Effects on Calcium Channel Antagonist in the Treatment of Withdrawal Syndrome in Morphine Dependent Rats

Abstract

Dependence could be described as an altered physiological state caused by repeated opioid exposure such that cessation of drug use leads to a withdrawal syndrome characterized by serious physiological disturbances and emotional symptoms. The latter is perhaps the strongest determinant of opioid addiction. 6,7 Addiction can be defined as compulsive urge loss of control over drug use, regardless of adverse effects and its consequences. 1,8 Among the various mechanisms implicated in management of morphine dependence, voltage-dependent calcium channels have offered the most hopeful breakthrough. 2 Similarly, the past few decades have recorded sustained rise in the understanding of the role of calcium channel blockers in the central nervous system and management of opioid drugs addiction. 9-10 It has been shown that modifications in Calcium ions fluxes seem to play a basic role, not only in the acute effects of morphine, but also in the manifestations of morphine withdrawal syndrome. 10 Nowadays medicinal plants continue to provide valuable therapeutic tools in both modern and in traditional medicine. 1 Phoenix dactylifera Linn (Date palm), a member of Arecaceae family. It is termed "Nakhla" by the Arabs, meaning Tree of life. It is popularly cultivated in the Middle East since 600 BC. It is native to the countries around the Arabian Gulf. 12 Due to its high phenolic content, various parts (fruit, seed leave and pollen grain) of P. dactylifera (PD) are widely used in the treatment of numerous disorders, including memory disturbances, fever, inflammation, paralysis, loss of consciousness and nervous disorders. 13,17-19 Studies have also substantiated the possession of

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“…Medicinal plants have maintained high popularity worldwide, especially in developing nations and this is evidenced by the rapid increase in their use. 16,17 Thus, there are many medicinal plant products available, but only a few have been scientifically evaluated and found to be non-toxic to man while for a vast majority their efficacy and safety are still questioned. 18 Hence, the toxicity assessment of plants with proven therapeutic use is of ultimate importance.…”

Pomegranate juice consumption by patients under medication for addiction treatment as regulator of craving and blood redox status: The study protocol of a randomized control trial (the NUTRIDOPE study)

“…Therefore, several studies have proposed the use of alternative, non-opioid, and nutrition-based interventions to back-up MAT and reduce craving. To that end, the use of natural products, such as honey and plant extracts derived from the plants Nigella sativa and Phoenix dactilyfera has been advocated (Abu Bakar et al, 2015;Mohd Adnan et al, 2018;Sani et al, 2018). The putative beneficial effects of administered plant extracts in parallel to MAT is mainly attributed to the potent antioxidant and antimutagenic action of plant substances due to their high polyphenolic content (Spanou et al, 2012a(Spanou et al, , 2012bVeskoukis et al, 2012aVeskoukis et al, , 2012b.…”

Antidepressant-like effects of methanol leaves extract of <I>Leptadenia hastata </I>(Asclepidiaceae) in mice

“…of synthetic drugs are being or depression, they have adverse effects that can compromise the therapeutic treatment, these common include dry mouth, fatigue, gastrointestinal or respiratory problems, anxiety, agitation, drowsiness, and cardiac arrhythmias Furthermore, medicinal a vital role as remedies in the treatment of human disea and disorders (Sani et al 2018) numbers of medicinal plants are in use in the traditional Ayurvedic and Unani system of medicine in India with the various part of the plants such as leaves, roots, bark, stems flowers and fruits are used for medicinal purposes (Dhamijia et al 2011).…”