Antioxidant micronutrients and gastric cancer

Correa, Pelayo; Malcom, Gray T.; Schmidt, Beth; Fontham, Elizabeth T.H.; Ruiz, Bernardo; Bravo, Juan Carlos; Bravo, Luis Eduardo; Zarama, Guillermo; Realpe, J.Luis

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.1998.00006.x

Cited by 93 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Most of the current literature on carotenoids and GC risk is focused on b-carotene (Correa et al, 1998). This study did not observe any association with plasma levels of a-or b-carotene and GC risk, whereas previous prospective studies have shown lower plasma levels of b-carotene in GC cancer cases vs controls in a Western population (Eichholzer et al, 1996) and either an inverse association (Yuan et al, 2004), no association or a positive association (You et al, 2000) with GC risk in high-risk Chinese populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma and dietary carotenoid, retinol and tocopherol levels and the risk of gastric adenocarcinomas in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition

Jenab¹,

Riboli²,

Ferrari³

et al. 2006

Br J Cancer

110

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Despite declining incidence rates, gastric cancer (GC) is a major cause of death worldwide. Its aetiology may involve dietary antioxidant micronutrients such as carotenoids and tocopherols. The objective of this study was to determine the association of plasma levels of seven common carotenoids, their total plasma concentration, retinol and a-and g-tocopherol, with the risk of gastric adenocarcinoma in a case-control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), a large cohort involving 10 countries. A secondary objective was to determine the association of total sum of carotenoids, retinol and a-tocopherol on GCs by anatomical subsite (cardia/noncardia) and histological subtype (diffuse/intestinal). Analytes were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography in prediagnostic plasma from 244 GC cases and 645 controls matched by age, gender, study centre and date of blood donation. Conditional logistic regression models adjusted by body mass index, total energy intake, smoking and Helicobacter pylori infection status were used to estimate relative cancer risks. After an average 3.2 years of follow-up, a negative association with GC risk was observed in the highest vs the lowest quartiles of plasma b-cryptoxanthin (odds ratio (OR) ¼ 0.53, 95% confidence intervals (CI) ¼ 0.30-0.94, P trend ¼ 0.006), zeaxanthin (OR ¼ 0.39, 95% CI ¼ 0.22-0.69, P trend ¼ 0.005), retinol (OR ¼ 0.55, 95% CI ¼ 0.33-0.93, P trend ¼ 0.005) and lipid-unadjusted a-tocopherol (OR ¼ 0.59, 95% CI ¼ 0.37-0.94, P trend ¼ 0.022). For all analytes, no heterogeneity of risk estimates or significant associations were observed by anatomical subsite. In the diffuse histological subtype, an inverse association was observed with the highest vs lowest quartile of lipid-unadjusted a-tocopherol (OR ¼ 0.26, 95% CI ¼ 0.11-0.65, P trend ¼ 0.003). These results show that higher plasma concentrations of some carotenoids, retinol and a-tocopherol are associated with reduced risk of GC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma and dietary carotenoid, retinol and tocopherol levels and the risk of gastric adenocarcinomas in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition

Jenab¹,

Riboli²,

Ferrari³

et al. 2006

Br J Cancer

110

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“…pylori infection has been associated with a decreased level of vitamin C and of major antioxidants (e.g., ␤-carotene) in human gastric tissue (5,26). We found that vitamin C reduced bacterial colonization in the murine stomach and decreased the inflammation score.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Astaxanthin-Rich Algal Meal and Vitamin C Inhibit Helicobacter pylori Infection in BALB/cA Mice

Wang

Wïllén

Wadström

2000

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

135

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Helicobacter pylori infection in humans is associated with chronic type B gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric carcinoma. A high intake of carotenoids and vitamin C has been proposed to prevent development of gastric malignancies. The aim of this study was to explore if the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis rich in the carotenoid astaxanthin and vitamin C can inhibit experimental H. pylori infection in a BALB/cA mouse model. Six-week-old BALB/cA mice were infected with the mouse-passaged H. pylori strain 119/95. At 2 weeks postinoculation mice were treated orally once daily for 10 days (i) with different doses of algal meal rich in astaxanthin (0.4, 2, and 4 g/kg of body weight, with the astaxanthin content at 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg, respectively), (ii) with a control meal (algal meal without astaxanthin, 4 g/kg), or (iii) with vitamin C (400 mg/kg). Five mice from each group were sacrificed 1 day after the cessation of treatment, and the other five animals were sacrificed 10 days after the cessation of treatment. Culture of H. pylori and determination of the inflammation score of the gastric mucosae were used to determine the outcome of the treatment. Mice treated with astaxanthin-rich algal meal or vitamin C showed significantly lower colonization levels and lower inflammation scores than those of untreated or control-meal-treated animals at 1 day and 10 days after the cessation of treatment. Lipid peroxidation was significantly decreased in mice treated with the astaxanthin-rich algal meal and vitamin C compared with that of animals not treated or treated with the control meal. Both astaxanthin-rich algal meal and vitamin C showed an inhibitory effect on H. pylori growth in vitro. In conclusion, antioxidants may be a new strategy for treating H. pylori infection in humans.The human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori causes type B chronic gastritis and is associated with peptic ulcer disease as well as gastric cancer (7,9,38). Some epidemiological studies have shown the difference between the prevalence of H. pyloriassociated diseases and intake of certain vitamins and antioxidants in various populations (10,28,33) and that a high intake of vitamin C, ␣-tocopherol, or ␤-carotene in food reduces the risk of gastric carcinoma (2, 30). H. pylori infection in humans is characterized by a marked infiltration of neutrophilic leukocytes of the gastric mucosa, and the generation of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs) may play a part in the development of severe chronic type B gastritis (15,26).Astaxanthin is a carotenoid found in many different organisms in nature, but the main dietary sources for humans are found in crustaceans and other seafood, especially salmon. Astaxanthin is a powerful lipid-soluble antioxidant in vitro (8,16,19) and was shown to be most effective in stimulating immune defenses when different carotenoids were compared (12,13,23). Vitamin C is a water-soluble antioxidant required for many biological functions such as the normal synthesis of hormones, neurotransmitters, collagen, and carni...

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“…Interaction with Helicobacter pylori in stomach cancer has also been suggested to be important (Jacob, 1999). However, chemoprevention trials of stomach cancer in high-risk populations have not conclusively supported a benefit from vitamin C supplements (Blot et al, 1993), although several antioxidant nutrients were associated with regression of gastric dysplasia (Correa et al, 2000). Vitamin C also interacts with iron to promote oxidative damage (Jacob, 1999).…”

Section: Antioxidantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet and cancer prevention

2004

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Dietary effects are presumed to underlie many of the large international differences in incidence seen for most cancers. Apart from alcohol and a few micronutrients, however, the role of specific nutritional factors remains illdefined. The evidence for a role of energy balance, physical inactivity, and obesity has strengthened, while for dietary fat it has weakened. Phytochemicals such as folate, lycopene and flavonoids are still the subject of active research. As the mechanisms underlying human carcinogenesis are better understood, dietary research will focus increasingly on intermediate markers such as the insulin-like growth factors and potentially carcinogenic metabolites.

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Antioxidant micronutrients and gastric cancer

Cited by 93 publications

References 21 publications

Plasma and dietary carotenoid, retinol and tocopherol levels and the risk of gastric adenocarcinomas in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition

Plasma and dietary carotenoid, retinol and tocopherol levels and the risk of gastric adenocarcinomas in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition

Astaxanthin-Rich Algal Meal and Vitamin C Inhibit Helicobacter pylori Infection in BALB/cA Mice

Diet and cancer prevention

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