Antioxidant Intake in Pregnancy in Relation to Wheeze and Eczema in the First Two Years of Life

Martindale, Sheelagh; McNeill, Geraldine; Devereux, Graham; Campbell, Doris M.; Russell, George; Seaton, Anthony

doi:10.1164/rccm.200402-220oc

Cited by 214 publications

(228 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…In a study in England, dietary supplementation with a-tocopherol in soy oil to subjects with asthma had no impact on FEV 1 , asthma symptom scores, or bronchodilator use, but in our interpretation, the g-tocopherol in the soy oil may oppose the benefit of the a-tocopherol (43). In a Scottish cohort, reduced maternal intake of vitamin E (likely referring to a-tocopherol) is associated with increased incidence of asthma and wheezing in children up to 5 years old (44,45). In Devereux's review of these data and changes in the environment in Scotland (45), it is discussed that from 1967 to 2004 there was a significant increase in vegetable oil intake by the Scottish, and we suggest that this would at least result in an increase in g-tocopherol, because vegetable oil (soybean oil) is rich in g-tocopherol ( Figure 1C).…”

contrasting

confidence: 47%

Two Faces of Vitamin E in the Lung

Cook‐Mills

Abdala-Valencia

Hartert

2013

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

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Asthma and allergic lung disease occur as complex environmental and genetic interactions. Clinical studies of asthma indicate a number of protective dietary factors, such as vitamin E, on asthma risk. However, these studies have had seemingly conflicting outcomes. In this perspective, we discuss opposing regulatory effects of tocopherol isoforms of vitamin E, mechanisms for tocopherol isoform regulation of allergic lung inflammation, association of vitamin E isoforms with outcomes in clinical studies, and how the variation in global prevalence of asthma may be explained, at least in part, by vitamin E isoforms.Keywords: asthma; a-tocopherol; g-tocopherol; human; mouse Asthma and allergic lung disease occur as complex environmental and genetic interactions (1). The World Health Organization has reported that the prevalence of asthma from 1950 to the present has increased in many countries, including countries with high rates of asthma, intermediate rates of asthma, or low rates of asthma (2-4). The marked differences in rates of asthma within countries, in migrating populations, and over relatively short periods of time support an important role of the local environment, such as diet, in asthma inception. Prospective epidemiological studies, observational cross-sectional studies, and some randomized prevention trials have demonstrated the impact of a number of protective dietary factors, such as vitamin E, on asthma risk. However, these studies have had seemingly conflicting outcomes. We need to determine why there are low rates of allergic disease in developing countries and better understand the differences in diet and lifestyle that may really underpin allergic disease. One environmental change over the past 40 years has been an increase in the g-tocopherol isoform of vitamin E in the diet and in infant formulas (5, 6). We recently demonstrated that g-tocopherol increases allergic lung inflammation in mice (6)(7)(8). In this perspective, we discuss why we have yet to uncover the complex and potentially protective effects of isoforms of vitamin E on asthma in humans and in animal models of lung inflammation. We also review mechanisms for tocopherol isoform regulation of allergic lung inflammation in animals and discuss how the variation in global prevalence of asthma may be explained, at least in part, by country-specific plasma g-tocopherol differences.Vitamin E consists of natural isoforms and synthetic racemic isoforms. The eight natural isomers are d-a-, d-b-, d-g-, d-d-tocopherol and d-a-, d-b-, d-g-, d-d-tocotrienol. Plants synthesize the natural isoforms from tyrosine and chlorophyll (9). Then, these tocols are consumed in the diet from plant lipids. Mammals do not interconvert the tocopherol isoforms. The most abundant isoforms are a-tocopherol and g-tocopherol, which differ by one methyl group ( Figure 1A). There are approximately 10-fold higher tissue concentrations of a-tocopherol than g-tocopherol due to preferential transfer of a-tocopherol in the liver by a-tocopherol transfer protein and due to ...

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contrasting

confidence: 47%

Two Faces of Vitamin E in the Lung

Cook‐Mills

Abdala-Valencia

Hartert

2013

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

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“…Thus, it is possible that in addition to increased ROS production, low TAC in children with AD may be due to low intake of dietary antioxidants, implicating dietary antioxidant intake with AD risk. Several previous studies have reported the beneficial association of dietary antioxidant vitamins with the risk of atopic diseases (39)(40)(41). For example, a higher concentration of vitamin C in breast milk is associated with a reduced risk of AD in infants (ORs0.30, 95% CI 0.09-0.94) (42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of glutathione-S-transferase polymorphisms with atopic dermatitis risk in preschool age children

Chung

Shin

2009

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine

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Background: Glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes are critical for detoxifying reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their products which have been implicated in the pathology of inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD). Methods:We investigated the effects of genetic polymorphisms of GST on the risk of AD in preschool age children. Biomarkers for oxidative stress were also evaluated with respect to GST genotype. Results: The GSTP1 Val105 allele was significantly associated with an increased risk of AD wodds ratio (OR)s1.62, p-0.05x. The combination of the GSTP1 Val105 allele and the GSTT1 null genotype further increased this risk by 2.3-fold (p-0.01). No association was observed for the GSTM1 null or GSTT1 null genotype alone. In children with AD, blood total antioxidant capacity was significantly less (p-0.001), while malondialdehyde was higher (ps0.12). Children with the GSTP1 Val105 allele had significantly lower concentrations of erythrocyte glutathione compared to GSTP1 Ile/Ile homozygotes (ps0.03). Conclusions: Our study suggests that the GSTP1 Val105 allele is an important determinant of susceptibility to AD in preschool age children and increased oxidative stress may play a role in the pathogenesis of AD.

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“…The timing of assessment of maternal intake of antioxidants during pregnancy has not been uniform across studies. For instance, although some studies assessed dietary intake during the first and second trimester (Litonjua et al, 2006; Håberg et al, 2009;Whitrow et al, 2009), others assessed during the second trimester only (Martindale et al, 2005;Devereux et al, 2006), still others asked about maternal dietary intake at anytime during pregnancy (Miyake et al, 2010a, b). Maternal diet, although assessed during the eighth month of pregnancy in our study, was aimed at reflecting the overall picture of maternal diet during the first 8 months of pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies have reported a reduced risk of asthma and wheezing in the offspring with high maternal intake of vitamin E during pregnancy (Martindale et al, 2005;Devereux et al, 2006;Litonjua et al, 2006;Miyake et al, 2010a), whereas no association was observed regarding eczema (Devereux et al, 2006;Litonjua et al, 2006;Miyake et al, 2010b). Similar inconsistencies have been seen concerning maternal intake of zinc and the risk of allergic outcomes (Shahen et al, 2004;Martindale et al, 2005;Devereux et al, 2006;Litonjua et al, 2006;Miyake et al, 2010b). Umbilical cord selenium and iron has been associated with wheezing and eczema in children (Shahen et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Intake of antioxidants during pregnancy and the risk of allergies and asthma in the offspring

et al. 2011

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Background/Objectives: The potential immune functions related to the damages induced by oxygen-free radicals suggest that antioxidants may have a role in the development of allergies. The objective was to investigate the association between maternal intake of antioxidants during pregnancy and the risk of asthma, rhinitis and eczema in 5-year-old children. Subjects/Methods: This study was on the basis of the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention Nutrition Study, a population-based birth cohort study with 5-year follow-up. Complete information on maternal food frequency questionnaire data and ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood)-based allergic outcomes were available for 2441 children. Cox proportional regression and logistic regression were used for the analyses. Results: Maternal intake of any of the antioxidants was not significantly associated with the risk of asthma, rhinitis or eczema in the offspring, except for dietary intake of magnesium, which was independently associated with protection against eczema (OR 0.78; 95% CI 0.62-0.97). Conclusion: Maternal intake of dietary magnesium during pregnancy may protect against the risk of eczema in the offspring. We did not confirm previous observations concerning other antioxidants. This may be due to the variable amount of antioxidant intake across studies and also indicative of the hypothesis that there may be a critical time window in pregnancy during which antioxidants might modify the risk of allergies in the offspring.

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Antioxidant Intake in Pregnancy in Relation to Wheeze and Eczema in the First Two Years of Life

Cited by 214 publications

References 60 publications

Two Faces of Vitamin E in the Lung

Two Faces of Vitamin E in the Lung

Association of glutathione-S-transferase polymorphisms with atopic dermatitis risk in preschool age children

Intake of antioxidants during pregnancy and the risk of allergies and asthma in the offspring

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