Antioxidant, hemolytic, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities of the tropical Atlantic marine zoanthid Palythoa caribaeorum

Abstract

Marine invertebrates are capable of synthesizing bioactive compounds, which may be beneficial to human health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant, hemolytic, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of crude extract (70% EtOH), and dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and aqueous (Aq) fractions of the marine zoanthid Palythoa caribaeorum. The phenolic compound contents of the crude extract, DCM, EtOAc and Aq fractions were 12.33, 18.17, 10.53, and 3.18 mg GAE per gram, respectively. DPPH radical scavenging activity showed slight variation. IC 50 of crude extract, DCM, EtOAc and Aq fractions were 11.13, 11.25, 11.74, and 11.28 µg mL -1 , respectively. Among the sample, ferrous ion chelating was the highest in crude extract (IC 50 302.90 µg mL -1 ), followed by EtOAc, Aq, and DCM fractions with 457.77, 547.91, and 641.82 µg mL -1 , respectively. Ferric-reducing antioxidant power showed optical density at about 0.5. The samples tested exhibited low hemolytic activity under 10% up to a concentration of 50 μg mL -1 . No antimicrobial activity was observed against any of the tested bacterial strains. For the cytotoxic activity, LC 50 of DCM, crude extract, EtOAc, and Aq were 52.10, 83.06, 86.34, and 117.45 μg mL -1 , showing high toxicity.

Dr. PI POLYPHENOL CONTENT, PHYTOCHEMISTRY COMPOSITIONS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF DIFFERENT EXTRACTS FROM MARINE SPONGE AAPTOS SUBERITOIDES GROWN IN NHATRANG BAY, VIETNAM

“…Reducing power activity of polyphenol extract in the study is better than that of polyphenol extract from sponge species Palythoa caribaeorum grown in Atlantic marine, compared to the results of Alencar et al [30]. The correlation between reducing power and polyphenol content of different extracts from sponge Palythoa caribaeorum (r = 0.454, p<0.05) [30] were lower than that of various extracts from sponge A. suberitoides (R 2 = 0.974). The thing proved that polyphenol of A. suberitoides plays positive for reducing power activity of the extract, and polyphenol of Palythoa caribaeorum play a negative role in reducing power activity of the extract.…”

“…Reducing power activity is an indicator of the antioxidant activity which belongs to a compound or an extract [29]. Reducing power activity of polyphenol extract in the study is better than that of polyphenol extract from sponge species Palythoa caribaeorum grown in Atlantic marine, compared to the results of Alencar et al [30]. The correlation between reducing power and polyphenol content of different extracts from sponge Palythoa caribaeorum (r = 0.454, p<0.05) [30] were lower than that of various extracts from sponge A. suberitoides (R 2 = 0.974).…”

Hemolytic, anticancer and antigiardial activity of Palythoa caribaeorum venom

“…An extract of their soft tissues was tested for antibacterial activity and it was found that it inhibits Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in 97.7 and 100%, respectively [ 20 ]. More recently, P. caribaeorum extracts were found to have antioxidant effects and cytotoxic activities [ 21 ].…”

The order Zoantharia Rafinesque, 1815 (Cnidaria, Anthozoa: Hexacorallia): supraspecific classification and nomenclature

“…Article 23.9.1.2 of the Code is fulfilled as the family-group name Sphenopidae Hertwig, 1882, is in current and widespread usage, as evidenced by the 30 publications by 99 different authors over the past 34 years using Sphenopidae as a valid name for the taxon it denotes (viz., Nagabhushanam and Jothinayagam 1982: 17; Ryland et al 2000: 191, 192; Ryland and Lancaster 2003: 407, 409, 415; Ryland and Lancaster 2004: 180; Ryland and Westphalen 2004: 411; Ryland et al 2004: 1195, 1197; Acosta et al 2005: 147–149, 151, 154, 160; Sinniger et al 2005: 1122, 1125, 1126; Daly et al 2007: 144; Sinniger et al 2008: 1254, 1256, 1257; Fautin and Daly 2009: 356; Del Mónaco et al 2010: 360; Reimer and Sinniger 2010: 251; Reimer et al 2010c: 606, 616; Swain 2010: 2592; Reimer et al 2011a: 983, 985, 987, 989, 991, 992; Cavallari et al 2012: 25; Longo et al 2012: [1]; Palmer et al 2012: 3880; Reimer et al 2012b: 43, 45, 47, 49; Rodríguez-Viera et al 2012: 32; Costello et al 2013: [2]; Fujii and Reimer 2013: 510, 516; Krishna and Gophane 2013: 210; Koupaei et al 2014: 64; Alencar et al 2015: 1113, 1114, 1121; Irei et al 2015: 1, 2, 4, 6, 14–16, 20; Qin et al 2015: 100; De la Cruz-Francisco et al 2016: 24; Fujii and Reimer 2016: 11, 12, 14, 17, 19, 20; Risi and Macdonald 2016: 113).…”