Antioxidant enzyme activities in lens, liver and kidney of calorie restricted Emory mice

Gong, Xin; Shang, Fu; Obin, Martin S.; Palmer, Helen J.; Scrofano, Mona M; Jahngen-Hodge, Jessica; Smith, Donald E.; Taylor, Allen

doi:10.1016/s0047-6374(97)00102-4

Cited by 43 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The suppression of cytosolic ROS scavenging pathways may again reflect the disconnected signaling of the pseudostarved state of the liver. In the normal starved state ROS production is reduced (10,69), while ROS scavenging mechanisms are unaffected or decreased (23). On the basis of these observations, we speculate that in the altered signaling milieu of diabetes the cytosolic ROS scavenging enzymes are downregulated in anticipation of a normal starved state reduction of ROS production.…”

Section: Ajp-endocrinol Metabmentioning

confidence: 78%

Proteomic changes associated with diabetes in the BB-DP rat

Johnson

Harris²,

French

et al. 2009

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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These studies were structured with the aim of utilizing emerging technologies in two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to evaluate protein expression changes associated with type 1 diabetes. We reasoned that a broad examination of diabetic tissues at the protein level might open up novel avenues of investigation of the metabolic and signaling pathways that are adversely affected in type 1 diabetes. This study compared the protein expression of the liver, heart, and skeletal muscle of diabetes-prone rats and matched control rats by semiquantitative liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and differential in-gel 2D gel electrophoresis. Differential expression of 341 proteins in liver, 43 in heart, and 9 (2D gel only) in skeletal muscle was detected. These data were assembled into the relevant metabolic pathways affected primarily in liver. Multiple covalent modifications were also apparent in 2D gel analysis. Several new hypotheses were generated by these data, including mechanisms of net cytosolic protein oxidation, formaldehyde generation by the methionine cycle, and inhibition of carbon substrate oxidation via reduction in citrate synthase and short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. metabolism; acyl carnitine; citrate synthase; methionine; liver; heart; skeletal muscle; mass spectroscopy; two-dimensional gel electrophoresis ALTHOUGH EXTENSIVELY STUDIED, type 1 diabetes remains a major health concern, and much of the pathogenesis still eludes understanding. In the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial, the most strongly regulated subjects still developed complications despite aggressive intervention (35). The fundamental pathology of type 1 diabetes is the loss of pancreatic ␤-cell function and the related release of insulin in the regulation of overall metabolic functions of the body. The complications of type 1 diabetes include dramatically altered energy metabolism and glucose handling, protein oxidation, vascular disease, heart disease, retinopathy, neuropathies, nephropathy, and susceptibility to infections. These results showed that the pathology of diabetes exceeds the simple maintenance of plasma glucose and insulin levels. A more global assessment of the diabetic state may provide useful insight. These studies sought to perform a comprehensive screen of the proteomic changes associated with the type 1 diabetic state, utilizing emerging technology in high-throughput semiquantitative proteomics and two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis to detect protein expression differences as well as possible covalent modifications inherent to the diabetic state.Previous studies have revealed that many enzymes and proteins are under transitional control by insulin (45) that would predictably alter the content of these proteins with the reduction of insulin in type 1 diabetes. The major transcription factors involved in insulin action are adipocyte differentiation and determination factor (ADD)-1/sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-1/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PP...

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Section: Ajp-endocrinol Metabmentioning

confidence: 78%

Proteomic changes associated with diabetes in the BB-DP rat

Johnson

Harris²,

French

et al. 2009

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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“…It has been argued that dietary restriction inhibits the generation of oxidative molecules and does not directly increase antioxidant enzyme activity. Gong et al 27 reported an apparent reduction in antioxidant enzyme activity in rat lens and kidney in response to dietary restriction, presumably due to a decrease in substrate oxidative molecules. Dietary restriction, on the other hand, also regulates the redox balance by a thiol-reducing system in which protein-thiol mixed disulphides are formed from protein thiols.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effects of long term dietary restriction on swimming exercise‐induced oxidative stress in the liver, heart and kidney of rat

Aydin

İnce

Koparan

et al. 2005

Cell Biochemistry & Function

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In this study, we evaluated the hypothesis that long term dietary restriction would have beneficial effects on the oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme systems in liver, heart and kidney in adult male rats undergoing different intensities of swimming exercise. Sixty male, Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned as either dietary restricted on every other week day (DR) or fed ad libitum (AL) groups, and each group was further subdivided into sedentary, endurance swimming exercise training (submaximal exercise) and exhaustive swimming exercise (maximal exercise) groups. Animals in the submaximal exercise group swam 5 days/week for 8 weeks, while maximal exercise was performed as an acute bout of exercise. In parallel with the increase in the intensity of the exercise, the degree of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation were increased in both the DR and AL groups; however the rate of increase was lower in the DR group. Reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione reductase (GR) enzyme activities were lower in the DR group than in the AL group. In parallel with the increase in exercise intensity, GSH and GR enzyme activities decreased, whereas an increase was observed in GSH-Px enzyme activity. In conclusion, the comparison between the DR and AL groups with the three swimming exercise conditions shows that the DR group is greatly protected against different swimming exercise-induced oxidative stress compared with the AL group.

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“…Lens ascorbate levels were comparable in both dietary groups, although plasma ascorbate levels were lower in the energy-restricted group. Differences in antioxidant enzyme activities did not explain the observed differences (Gong et al 1997), while biochemical molecular determinants of the cataracts in both groups were similar (Mura et al 1993). As the lens ascorbate levels were comparable in both groups, it is not likely that ascorbate encouraged cataract formation in the control group.…”

Section: Dietary Restrictionmentioning

confidence: 79%

A possible role for vitamin C in age-related cataract

Pols

1999

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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While many experimental studies have shown a protective effect of vitamin C in age-related cataract, other studies have revealed contrasting roles for this nutrient. Oxidative damage in the lens can be prevented by vitamin C. However, a pro-oxidant effect of vitamin C through H2O2 generation has been suggested. Vitamin C has also been shown to play a role in protein glycation, which is observed in cataract formation. A protective effect of dietary energy restriction appears to be inversely related to plasma vitamin C levels in rodents. Moreover, conclusions from human epidemiological and intervention studies are not uniform. The available evidence suggests that maintenance of sufficient plasma vitamin C is needed to prevent oxidative damage in the lens. More research will be needed in order to confirm the relative importance of the different roles of vitamin C in the eye lens.

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Antioxidant enzyme activities in lens, liver and kidney of calorie restricted Emory mice

Cited by 43 publications

References 46 publications

Proteomic changes associated with diabetes in the BB-DP rat

Proteomic changes associated with diabetes in the BB-DP rat

Protective effects of long term dietary restriction on swimming exercise‐induced oxidative stress in the liver, heart and kidney of rat

A possible role for vitamin C in age-related cataract

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