Antioxidant Efficacy of Nasturtium officinale Extracts Using Various In Vitro Assay Systems

Abstract

Nasturtium officinale R. Br. (watercress), of the family Brassicaceae, has been long used as a home remedy or a medicinal plant by the people of southeastern Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of N. officinale extract using various in vitro assay systems, including the ferric reducing antioxidant power and 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) assays, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide radical scavenging, and ferrous ion chelating activity, as well as the inhibitory effect on ferrous ion/ascorbate induced lipid peroxidation, in rat liver homogenate. The results revealed that N. officinale extract possesses potent reducing power in a ferric reducing antioxidant power assay, concentration-dependent scavenging ability on 2,2'-azinobis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, nitric oxide radicals, and hydrogen peroxide, as well as chelating ability on ferrous ions. Furthermore, N. officinale extract prevented thiobarbituric acid reactive substances formation in ferrous ion/ascorbate induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver homogenate in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, this N. officinale extract had the phenolic and flavonoid contents of 96.2 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dried extract and 63.2 mg catechin equivalents/g dried extract, respectively. The cumulative results clearly indicate that N. officinale extract possesses potent antioxidant properties probably mediated through direct trapping of free radicals, reducing power, and also through metal chelating. Based on its antioxidative potential, N. officinale extract might find applications in the prevention of free radical-related diseases.

In vivoanti-inflammatory properties of aerial parts ofNasturtium officinale

“…Generation of ROS has an important role in the development of both TPA and carrageenan-induced inflammation (Fischer et al, 1988;Vircheva et al, 2011). Furthermore, some researchers have established antioxidant effects of N. officinale (Bahramikia & Yazdanparast, 2010;Yazdanparast et al, 2008), hence another possibility is that antioxidant effects of the plant, at least, play a partial role in its antiinflammatory activities.…”

“…Furthermore, Yazdanparast et al (2008) has reported that watercress supplementation in the diet reduces serum lipids and alters blood antioxidant status in hypercholesterolaemic rats . They also have shown that N. officinale has potent antioxidant properties with in vitro conditions (Bahramikia & Yazdanparast, 2010). To our knowledge, there is no study about the possible anti-inflammatory effects of N. officinale with either in vivo and in vitro conditions.…”

Nephroprotective Effect of Nasturtium Officinale (Watercress) Ethanol Extract and Vitamin E on Vancomycin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats

“…Yazdanparast and colleagues reported that watercress supplementation in diet decreases serum lipids and alters blood antioxidant status in hypercholesterolaemic rats (18). They also reported that it has a potent antioxidant property in vitro and in vitro (18,19). Our previous study showed that watercress produced a noticeable anti-inflammatory effect in different animals of inflammation (17).…”

Edible freshwater macrophytes: a source of anticancer and antioxidative natural products—a mini-review

“…The extract also inhibited lipid peroxidation in rat liver homogenate, likely attributable to its ability to chelate Fe 2? ions (Bahramikia and Yazdanparast 2010). In vivo antioxidant effect of hydroethanolic extract of N. officinale was demonstrated by the its ability to increase SOD and CAT activities, reduce lipid peroxidation, and increase GSH levels in the liver Phytochem Rev of hypercholesterolemic rats (Yazdanparast et al 2008).…”

“…More advanced technologies employed to identify and characterize antioxidants from EFM included HPLC-electrospray ionizationmass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS)(Fu et al 2011), photodiode array detection-electrospray ionizationmass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS)(Chen et al 2012b), and NMR analysis(Marzouk et al 2007).Multiple in vitro assays have been used to characterize the antioxidant potential of EFM extracts and compounds isolated from them. Such in vitro antioxidant assays included 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay(Anand et al 2010;Ooh et al 2014;Orhan 2012), nitric oxide (NO) scavenging assay(Ooh et al 2014;Rai et al 2006), metal chelating assay(Bahramikia and Yazdanparast 2010;Ooh et al 2014;Orhan 2012), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay(Anand et al 2010;Orhan 2012), and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay(Anand et al 2010; Das- gupta and De 2007).…”