Antioxidant effects of pineapple vinegar in reversing of paracetamol-induced liver damage in mice

Abstract

BackgroundPineapple (Ananas comosus) was demonstrated to be hepatoprotective. This study aims to investigate the reversing effects of pineapple vinegar on paracetamol-induced liver damage in murine model.MethodsPineapple juice was fermented via anaerobic and aerobic fermentation to produce pineapple vinegar. Male BALB/c mice (n = 70) were separated into 7 treatment groups (n = 10). Pineapple vinegar (0.08 and 2 mL/kg BW) and synthetic vinegar were used to treat paracetamol-induced liver damage in mice. The hepatoprotective effects were determined by serum biochemistry profiles (aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and triglyceride (TG)), liver antioxidant levels (ferric-reducing ability plasma (FRAP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and reduced glutathione assays (GSH)) and histopathological examination with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The effects were further evaluated by the expression levels of iNOS, NF-κB, and cytochrome P450 2E1 by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analyses. Vinegar samples were also tested for in vitro antioxidant (FRAP, 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and total phenolic content (TPC)). Soluble phenolic acid contents in the samples were identified by HPLC.ResultsPineapple vinegar contained 169.67 ± 0.05 μg GAE/mL of TPC, with 862.61 ± 4.38 μg/mL gallic acid as the main component. Oral administration of pineapple vinegar at 2 mL/kg BW reduced serum enzyme biomarker levels, including AST (P = 0.008), ALT (P = 0.006), ALP (P= 0.002), and TG (P = 0.006) after 7 days of paracetamol treatment. Liver antioxidant levels such as hepatic glutathione (P = 0.003), SOD (P < 0.001), lipid peroxidation (P = 0.002) and FRAP (P <0.001) were restored after the treatment. Pineapple vinegar reduced the expressions of iNOS (P = 0.003) and NF-kB (P = 0.003) and the level of NO (P = 0.003) significantly. Pineapple vinegar also downregulated liver cytochrome P450 protein expression.ConclusionsOral administration of pineapple vinegar at 0.08 and 2 mL/kg BW reduced serum enzyme biomarker levels, restored liver antioxidant levels, reduced inflammatory factor expressions, and down regulated liver cytochrome P450 protein expression in paracetamol-induced liver damage in mice.

Comparison of Anti-obesity Effects of Spirit Vinegar and Natural Fermented Vinegar Products on the Differentiation of 3T3-L1 Cells and Obese Rats Fed a High-fat Diet

“…Our results are consistent with previous researches using polyphenol-rich vinegars and animal treatment tests with persimmon vinegar [14], black vinegar [15,27], tomato vinegar [21], pomegranate vinegar [39], apple cider vinegar [54], pineapple vinegar [59], and fruit vinegar [60], which also shown similar effects as found in current study, including suppression of lipid accumulation and hyperlipidemic effects.…”

Redox Control of Antioxidant and Antihepatotoxic Activities of Cassia surattensis Seed Extract against Paracetamol Intoxication in Mice: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies of Herbal Green Antioxidant

“…Subsequently, 50 mL of NADPH solution with a concentration of 0.16 mg/mL was added to each well in a 96 well-plate. Finally, the absorbance was measured by using an ELISA Plate Reader (Molecular Devices Inc., USA) at 412 nm wavelength at 1 min intervals for 5 min [37]. …”

“…The supernatant (1 mL) was transferred into a new tube and mixed with 75  μ L of 0.1 M EDTA and 250  μ L of 0.05-M 2-thiobarbituric acid. The mixture was boiled for 15 min and allowed to cool to room temperature before the absorbance was measured at 532 and 600 nm in an ELISA Plate Reader (Molecular Devices Inc., USA) [37]. …”

“…Afterward, 200  μ L of master mixture was added to 100  μ L of serially diluted liver homogenates in a 96 well-plate before mixed thoroughly. Lastly, the absorbance was read by using an ELISA Plate Reader (Molecular Devices Inc., USA) at 560 nm wavelength and the SOD activity in the liver homogenate was expressed as units SOD/mg protein [37]. …”

The Effectiveness of Various Salacca Vinegars as Therapeutic Agent for Management of Hyperglycemia and Dyslipidemia on Diabetic Rats

“…Many food resources have been studied as raw materials of vinegar, including apple, pineapple, unpolished and polished rice, and persimmon [5, 8, 9]. Apple vinegar and white rice vinegar were proven effective in lowering blood sugar level, improving pancreatic β cell function and lipid profile [5, 10].…”