Antioxidant Effects of Garlic in Young and Aged Rat Brain <i>In Vitro</i>

Brunetti, Luigi; Menghini, Luigi; Orlando, Giustino; Recinella, Lucia; Leone, Sheila; Epifano, Francesco; Lazzarin, Francesco; Chiavaroli, Annalisa; Ferrante, Claudio; Vacca, Michèle

doi:10.1089/jmf.2008.0176

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The importance of the assessment of inhibition ability of lipid peroxidation is due to the negative influence towards neurodegenerative disorders [20,21], above all during aging [22]. For this reason, herbal drug supplementation that contains antioxidant compounds could improve the oxidative stress induced by aging and neurodegenerative conditions [23,24]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calabrian Goji vs. Chinese Goji: A Comparative Study on Biological Properties

Ruffo

Parisi

Amone

et al. 2017

Foods

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Lycium barbarum (Goji) fruits are mainly cultivated in northwestern China and are well known for their beneficial and healthy effects. In this work, the biological and functional properties of Calabrian Goji extract, obtained from Goji berries cultivated in the Sibari Plain (in the Italian region of Calabria), were demonstrated. In order to evaluate the use of this extract as a food supplement for cognitive and mental disorders, the quantification of Carotenoids as Zeaxanthin equivalents was made. The antioxidant activity was investigated by evaluating the scavenging properties against 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radicals and by performing the ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) assay. The inhibition of lipid peroxidation was quantified by bleaching test and the ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase enzyme and to scavenge nitric oxide radical was also evaluated. All the results were compared to those obtained from a Chinese Goji extract used as a reference. Based on the reported data, Calabrian Goji might be used as a food supplement with a possible application in cognitive disorders, mental impairments and other neurodegenerative diseases, due to its biological properties and the high levels of Carotenoids.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calabrian Goji vs. Chinese Goji: A Comparative Study on Biological Properties

Ruffo

Parisi

Amone

et al. 2017

Foods

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“…These oil-soluble components exhibit antioxidant properties, by reducing the levels of reactive oxygen species and increasing glutathione- S -transferase expression [19, 20]. In previous studies, we demonstrated that S -allyl-L-cysteine, a water-soluble component of Allium species [21, 22], promotes cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the dentate gyrus [7]. In addition, we have shown the neuroprotective effects of Z -ajoene, an oil-soluble component, against ischemic damage in the gerbil hippocampus [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential oils from two Allium species exert effects on cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the mouse dentate gyrus by modulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor and acetylcholinesterase

Jung

Lee

Yoo

et al. 2016

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundIn the present study, we investigated the effects of oil products from two Allium species: Allium sativum (garlic) and Allium hookeri (Chinese chives) on cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the mouse dentate gyrus.MethodsUsing corn oil as a vehicle, the essential oil from garlic (10 ml/kg), or Chinese chives (10 ml/kg) was administered orally to 9-week-old mice once a day for 3 weeks. One hour following the last treatment, a novel object recognition test was conducted and the animals were killed 2 h after the test.ResultsIn comparison to the vehicle-treated group, garlic essential oil (GO) treatment resulted in significantly increased exploration time and discrimination index during the novel object recognition test, while Chinese chives essential oil (CO) reduced the exploration time and discrimination index in the same test. In addition, the number of Ki67-immunoreactive proliferating cells and doublecortin-immunoreactive neuroblasts significantly increased in the dentate gyrus of GO-treated animals. However, administration of CO significantly decreased cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation. Administration of GO significantly increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and decreased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the hippocampal homogenates. In contrast, administration of CO decreased BDNF protein levels and had no significant effect on AChE activity, compared to that in the vehicle-treated group.ConclusionsThese results suggest that GO significantly improves novel object recognition as well as increases cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation, by modulating hippocampal BDNF protein levels and AChE activity, while CO impairs novel object recognition and decreases cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation, by reducing BDNF protein levels in the hippocampus.

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“…Many studies have shown that fresh garlic extracts, garlic oil, garlic-derived chemicals and specific organo sulfur compounds generated by processing garlic could have neuroprotective effects via its anti-neuroinflammatory and anti-oxdative properties [23, 25, 48]. Allicin, isolated from galin oil, showed the strongest inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes [49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory effect of thiacremonone on MPTP-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration through inhibition of p38 activation

et al. 2016

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Neuroinflammation is implicated for dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Sulfur compounds extracted from garlic have been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties. Previously, we have investigated that thiacremonone, a sulfur compound isolated from garlic has anti-inflammatory effects on several inflammatory disease models. To investigate the protective effect of thiacremonone against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced behavioral impairment and dopaminergic neurodegeneration, 8 week old ICR mice were given thiacremonone (10 mg/kg) in drinking water for 1 month and received intraperitoneal injection of MPTP (15 mg/kg, four times with 2 h interval) during the last 7 days of treatment. Our data showed that thiacremonone decreased MPTP-induced behavioral impairments (Rotarod test, Pole test, and Gait test), dopamine depletion and microglia and astrocytes activations as well as neuroinflammation. Higher activation of p38 was found in the substantia nigra and striatum after MPTP injection, but p38 activation was reduced in thiacremonone treated group. In an in vitro study, thiacremonone (1, 2, and 5 μg/ml) effectively decreased MPP+ (0.5 mM)-induced glial activation, inflammatory mediators generation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in cultured astrocytes and microglial BV-2 cells. Moreover, treatment of p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 (10 μM) further inhibited thiacremonone induced reduction of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. These results indicated that the anti-inflammatory compound, thiacremonone, inhibited neuroinflammation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration through inhibition of p38 activation.

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Antioxidant Effects of Garlic in Young and Aged Rat Brain In Vitro

Cited by 27 publications

References 12 publications

Calabrian Goji vs. Chinese Goji: A Comparative Study on Biological Properties

Calabrian Goji vs. Chinese Goji: A Comparative Study on Biological Properties

Essential oils from two Allium species exert effects on cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the mouse dentate gyrus by modulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor and acetylcholinesterase

Inhibitory effect of thiacremonone on MPTP-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration through inhibition of p38 activation

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