Antioxidant Effects of Bioactive Glasses (BGs) and Their Significance in Tissue Engineering Strategies

Abstract

Elevated levels of oxidative stress are usually observed following injuries, leading to impaired tissue repair due to oxidation-related chronic inflammation. Several attempts have been made to manage this unfavorable situation, and the use of biomaterials with antioxidant activity is showing great promise in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine approaches. Bioactive glasses (BGs) are a versatile group of inorganic substances that exhibit an outstanding regenerative capacity for both hard and soft damaged tissues. The chemical composition of BGs provides a great opportunity for imparting specific biological activities to them. On this point, BGs may easily become antioxidant substances through simple physicochemical modifications. For example, particular antioxidant elements (mostly cerium (Ce)) can be added to the basic composition of the glasses. On the other hand, grafting natural antioxidant substances (e.g., polyphenols) on the BG surface is feasible for making antioxidant substitutes with promising results in vitro. Mesoporous BGs (MBGs) were demonstrated to have unique merits compared with melt-derived BGs since they make it possible to load antioxidants and deliver them to the desired locations. However, there are actually limited in vivo experimental studies on the capability of modified BGs for scavenging free radicals (e.g., reactive oxygen species (ROS)). Therefore, more research is required to determine the actual potential of BGs in decreasing oxidative stress and subsequently improving tissue repair and regeneration. The present work aims to highlight the potential of different types of BGs in modulating oxidative stress and subsequently improving tissue healing.

Multifunctional 58S Bioactive Glass/Silver/Cerium Oxide-Based Biocomposites with Effective Antibacterial, Cytocompatibility, and Mechanical Properties

“…The development of the antioxidant properties for BG C and BG AC was attributed to the presence of nanoceria, and the possible mechanism for the development of antioxidant properties with the addition of nanoceria is depicted in Figure b. The potential cause could be the quick interconversion of nanoceria between Ce 4+ and Ce 3+ oxidation states to form CeO 2 and Ce 2 O 3 , respectively, which creates a redox couple for containing a highly reactive surface, thereby scavenging available free radicals. , …”

“…The potential cause could be the quick interconversion of nanoceria between Ce 4+ and Ce 3+ oxidation states to form CeO 2 and Ce 2 O 3 , respectively, which creates a redox couple for containing a highly reactive surface, thereby scavenging available free radicals. 61,62 3.5. Synergetic Effect of AgNPs and CeO 2 Reinforcement on the Development of Bactericidal Properties.…”

Zinc- and Copper-Doped Mesoporous Borate Bioactive Glasses: Promising Additives for Potential Use in Skin Wound Healing Applications

“…Among the promising candidates, the bioceramics family (e.g., bioactive glasses (BGs)) have been mentioned as potential advanced therapies for both acute and chronic skin wounds [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Experimental research has indicated that BGs, as a highly versatile class of inorganic biocompatible materials, could accelerate tissue repair and regeneration [ 5 ]. The first invented BG (45S5 Bioglass ® ) was a silicate-based glass developed for managing hard tissue diseases and disorders [ 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”

Ce-MBGs Loaded with Gentamicin: Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation

“…However, clinical trials have revealed that systemic treatments can fail to avert ROS-associated diseases and cause severe side effects at high doses [ 9 ]. The immunomodulatory response can be regulated, more efficiently exploiting tailored biomaterials that can perform an antioxidant function at the desired location [ 10 ]. Cerium has gained interest in this respect given the impressive antioxidant properties of cerium oxide nanoparticles, which derive from the coexistence and reversible interchange between Ce 3+ and Ce 4+ oxidation states [ 11 ].…”

“…Cerium has gained interest in this respect given the impressive antioxidant properties of cerium oxide nanoparticles, which derive from the coexistence and reversible interchange between Ce 3+ and Ce 4+ oxidation states [ 11 ]. A significant amount of research is now involving cerium doping to produce potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory materials, able to tune the ROS level within the microenvironment [ 10 , 12 , 13 ]. For instance, we have included cerium into melt-derived BGs [ 14 ] and MBGs [ 15 , 16 ], and other researchers have worked on cerium-doped fibers [ 17 ], scaffolds [ 18 ] and nanoparticles [ 19 ].…”