Antioxidant Effects and Insulin Resistance Improvement of Chromium Combined with Vitamin C and E Supplementation for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Summary To determine the effects of combined supplementation with chromium (Cr) and vitamins C and E on oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes, adult subjects with HbA1c >8.5%. Subjects (n = 30) in this randomized, double blind, placebo-control study were divided into three groups (placebo, Cr or Cr + C + E) on daily treatment. The Cr group received 1000 μg of Cr (as Cr yeast); the Cr + C + E group received Cr (1000 μg as Cr yeast) together with vitamins C (1000 mg) and E (800 IU); and, a control group received a placebo. Baseline plasma Cr levels were not significant differences comparing the supplementation and placebo groups. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total antioxidative status (TAS) were also not significant different. Following the 6-month study period, the plasma TBARS levels, fasting glucose, HbA1c and insulin resistance were significantly decreased in the Cr and Cr + C + E groups, but not for the placebo group. Plasma TAS and glutathione peroxidase were significantly higher for Cr and Cr + C + E groups relative to the placebo group. These findings suggest that Cr supplementation alone and combined of Cr together with vitamins C and E was effective for minimization of oxidative stress and improvement of glucose metabolism in type 2 DM patients.

Effect of N,N-dimethylglycine supplementation in parturition feed for sows on metabolism, nutrient digestibility and reproductive performance

“…DMG can act as a methyl donor (Friesen et al, 2007) similar to betaine and, additionally, has anti-oxidative properties (Hariganesh and Prathiba, 2000). As methyl donation capacity (Jin et al, 2007) and anti-oxidative action (Lai, 2008) are both associated with increased insulin sensitivity, DMG can possibly influence insulin sensitivity. Other studies report that DMG, used as a dietary supplement, reduces blood lactate level and improves athletic performance in men (Tonda and Hart, 1992), horses (Greene et al, 1996) and dogs (Gannon and Kendall, 1982).…”

Chromium supplements for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: limited evidence of effectiveness

“…The mean HbA1c of 8.0% at baseline fell to 6.6%, reaching the treatment goal range by the end of the supplementation period. The Lai trial, 39 conducted in Taiwan, used a chromium dosage of 1000 lg/d from supplemented yeast (it was unclear what form of yeast was used) in a 6-month RCT with an ITT analysis in 10 T2DM patients with a baseline FPG of >8.5 mmol/L and HbA1c levels of >8.5%. The intervention was associated with a drop in HbA1c from 10.2% to 9.5%, which was above the treatment goal.…”

Serum Total Antioxidant StatusIn Type 2 Diabetic Nigerians

“…16 Also, Akinosun and Bolajoko 19 in Ibadan reported decrease in serum TAS in type 2 diabetic patients than controls.Similarly, in Brazil, a study by Medina et al 7 revealed lower plasma antioxidant activity in diabetic patients than in healthy individuals Studies revealed that TAS in type 2 DM is low and this could be attributed to low levels of antioxidant vitamins enzymes and other micro-nutrients in the blood Benrebaiet al 17 andLai. 20 The decrease could be as a result of poor glycaemic control probably because of poor compliance rate of the diabetic patients.…”