Antioxidant defenses in caterpillars: role of the ascorbate-recycling system in the midgut lumen

Barbehenn, Raymond V.; Bumgarner, Stacie L.; Roosen, Erica F.; Martin, Michael M.

doi:10.1016/s0022-1910(00)00125-6

Cited by 92 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…This is consistent with the participation of APOX in protection against exogenous oxygen radicals generated by ingested pro-oxidant allelochemicals. However, studies of the ascorbate-recycling system in the midgut of caterpillars Malacosoma disstria (Hübner, 1820) and Orgyia leucostigma (Smith, 1797) showed that APOX activities were reduced by ingested tannic acid in both species (Barbehenn et al 2001). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, hydrogen peroxide is reduced by APOX, generating dehydroascorbic acid (DHA). DHA is then converted to ASA by the GSHdependent enzyme, DHAR (Summers & Felton 1993;Barbehenn et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ascorbate-recycling system has been detected and studied in Lepidoptera larvae and other leafchewing insects (Mathews et al 1997;Summers & Felton 1993;Barbehenn et al 2001;Wang et al 2001;Krishnan & Kodrik 2006) but not in sucking-piercing insects, including aphids. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare ASA content and enzyme activities associated with ASA metabolism in tissues of two species of cereal aphids: the monophagous grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (F., 1794), and the oligophagous bird cherryoat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L., 1758).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antioxidant defense mechanisms of cereal aphids based on ascorbate and ascorbate peroxidase

Łukasik¹,

Goławska²,

Wójcicka³

2009

Biologia

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Effects of plant o-dihydroxyphenols on ascorbate (ASA) content and ascorbate peroxidase (APOX) activity in the tissues of the grain aphid Sitobion avenae and the bird cherry-oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi were studied. Among the aphid morphs, the highest ASA content and APOX activity were noted for larvae and the lowest for wingless apterae. When exposed to o-dihydroxyphenols, aphids of both species contained significantly lower concentrations of ASA and higher APOX activity than the controls. Among the studied compounds, caffeic acid had the strongest effect on ASA-based antioxidant responses in that caffeic acid caused a 5-fold decrease of ASA in aphid tissues. The influences of the plant o-dihydroxyphenols on antioxidant defense mechanisms within the cereal aphid species are discussed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antioxidant defense mechanisms of cereal aphids based on ascorbate and ascorbate peroxidase

Łukasik¹,

Goławska²,

Wójcicka³

2009

Biologia

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“…Therefore, in this study, AO-overexpressing transgenic poplar trees were produced in order to perform controlled experiments on the potential role of AO as a plant defense against herbivorous insects. Tree-feeding caterpillars often ingest high levels of phenolic compounds, and an ascorbate-based antioxidant system is central to the defense of caterpillars against the oxidation of these phenolics caused by the high pH of the midgut (Felton and Duffey 1992;Barbehenn et al 2001). In the absence of sufficient ascorbate in the midgut contents, phenolic oxidation produces elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including semiquinone radicals, peroxides, and hydroxyl radicals (Barbehenn et al , 2005a.…”

Section: Ahmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Ascorbate Oxidase as a Plant Defense Against Leaf-Chewing Insects Using Transgenic Poplar

et al. 2008

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Ascorbate is the major water-soluble antioxidant in plants and animals, and it is an essential nutrient for most insect herbivores. Therefore, ascorbate oxidase (AO) has been proposed to function as a plant defense that decreases the availability of ascorbate to insects. This hypothesis was tested by producing transgenic poplar (Populus tremula× Populus alba; Salicaceae) with 14-to 37-fold higher foliar AO activities than control (wild type) leaves and feeding these leaves to Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) caterpillars and Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fabricius) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) grasshoppers. To examine potential mechanisms of activity of AO in these insects, ascorbyl radical and/or ascorbate levels were measured in gut contents. No significant changes in ascorbyl radical or ascorbate levels were found in the midgut contents of L. dispar larvae that ingested the leaves of the AOoverexpressing genotypes compared to the control genotype, and no significant decreases in ascorbate levels were found in the foregut or midgut contents of M. sanguinipes.Treatment of control leaves with commercial AO also produced no changes in the midgut biochemistry of L. dispar larvae, as measured by levels of ascorbyl radicals. Likewise, no increase in oxidative stress was observed in L. dispar that consumed tannin-treated AO-overexpressing leaves compared with tannin-treated control genotype leaves. Performance experiments were carried out on first-and fourthinstar L. dispar larvae on leaf disks and on third instars feeding on intact leaves on trees. In no case was a significant difference found in the contrast between the control and three AO-overexpressing genotypes for relative consumption rate, relative growth rate, or nutritional indices. We conclude that elevated levels of AO in poplar are unlikely to serve as a defense against herbivores such as L. dispar or M. sanguinipes and that the low oxygen levels commonly found in the guts of caterpillars and grasshoppers may limit the activity of ingested AO in these leaf-chewing insects.

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“…Among the different defense mechanisms, stand out the chemical defenses that are represented by metabolites present in the plant tissues and chemical barriers imposed to herbivory by that plant species (Barbehenn et al 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Building of Leaf Shelters by Stenoma scitiorella Walker (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae): Manipulation of Host Plant Quality?

Costa¹,

Varanda²

2002

Neotrop. Entomol.

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Construção de Abrigos Foliares por Stenoma scitiorella Walker (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae):Manipulação da Qualidade da Planta Hospedeira?RESUMO -A construção de abrigos foliares é um comportamento comum entre lagartas de microlepidópteros e, ao que parece, tais abrigos proporcionam um refúgio contra as intempéries e o ataque de predadores e parasitóides. Estudos recentes sobre a ecologia nutricional de insetos têm sugerido que tal comportamento seria, na realidade, uma estratégia evolutivamente selecionada para maximizar a qualidade da planta hospedeira que consomem. As lagartas de Stenoma scitiorella Walker unem as folhas jovens de Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. (Annonaceae) para a construção de um abrigo no qual se refugiam alimentando-se exclusivamente das folhas internas. Por proporcionar as melhores condições para o desenvolvimento larval, a maioria dos abrigos foliares (53,4%) é ocupada por apenas uma lagarta. Os resultados revelaram que, apesar de alterar os teores de água e carboidratos solúveis, a construção dos abrigos foliares não afeta a concentração de taninos nem a preferência das lagartas por folhas externas ou internas. Assim, tal comportamento não representa uma estratégia adaptativa do inseto para superar as defesas químicas da planta hospedeira. Dessa forma, é provável que os abrigos foliares de S. scitiorella sejam construídos para outros fins como, por exemplo, proteção das lagartas contra dessecação ou predação.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Cerrado, herbivoria, lagarta, tanino, Xylopia aromatica ABSTRACT -Building of leaf shelters is a widespread behavior among microlepidopteran larvae. Apparently, these shelters provide refuge to caterpillars against bad weather and reduce the risks of predation and parasitism. Recent studies about nutritional ecology of insects have suggested that such behavior would actually be an strategy evolutionarily selected to maximize the quality of the host plant consumed by them. Stenoma scitiorella Walker caterpillars tie together young Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. (Annonaceae) leaves to build a shelter in which they retreat, feeding exclusively on inner leaves. The accumulation of damage and excrement in leaf shelters with several caterpillars may lead to a decline in larval development and survivorship. For providing the best conditions for larval development most leaf shelters (53,4%) are occupied by only one caterpillar. Although altering the water and soluble carbohydrates contents, the building of shelters did not affect either the tannins concentrations or the preference of caterpillars for external or internal leaves. Hence, probably this behavior does not denote an adaptative strategy of the insect to overcome the host plant chemical defenses. Thus, it is possible that the leaf shelters of S. scitiorella caterpillars are built for other purposes as, for example, to protect caterpillars from desiccation and predation.KEY WORDS: Cerrado, herbivory, caterpillar, tannin, Xylopia aromatica known as allelochemicals. Allelochemicals differently from amino acids, carbohydr...

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Antioxidant defenses in caterpillars: role of the ascorbate-recycling system in the midgut lumen

Cited by 92 publications

References 37 publications

Antioxidant defense mechanisms of cereal aphids based on ascorbate and ascorbate peroxidase

Antioxidant defense mechanisms of cereal aphids based on ascorbate and ascorbate peroxidase

Evaluating Ascorbate Oxidase as a Plant Defense Against Leaf-Chewing Insects Using Transgenic Poplar

Building of Leaf Shelters by Stenoma scitiorella Walker (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae): Manipulation of Host Plant Quality?

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