Antioxidant defense of betaine against isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in rats

Abstract

We investigated the antioxidant preventive effect of betaine on isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in male albino rats. Isoprenaline induced myocardial infarction was manifested by a moderate elevation in the levels of diagnostic marker enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase) and homocysteine in plasma of experimental rats. Significant rise in the level of lipid peroxidation with a concomitant decline in the levels of myocardial non-enzymic (reduced glutathione) and enzymic antioxidants (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, catalase and superoxide dismutase) was also observed. Oral pretreatment with betaine significantly prevented isoprenaline-induced alterations in the levels of diagnostic marker enzymes and homocysteine in plasma of experimental groups of rats. It counteracted the isoprenaline-induced lipid peroxidation and maintained the myocardial antioxidant defense system at near normal. Histopathological observations also confirmed the protective effect of betaine against isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction. The results of the present investigation indicate that the protective effect of betaine is probably related to its ability to strengthen the myocardial membrane by its membrane stabilizing action or to a counteraction of free radicals by its antioxidant property.

Protective effect of betaine on changes in the levels of lysosomal enzyme activities in heart tissue in isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in Wistar rats

“…This is consistent with an earlier study (Farvin et al 2006) which also indicated that lipid peroxidation is a key factor in the pathogenesis of isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction. The enhanced lipid peroxidation in heart lysosomes of isoprenaline-administered rats might have been due to the reduction in tissue antioxidant defense status, as reported earlier (Ganesan et al 2008b).…”

“…It has been shown that betaine regulates erythrocyte (red blood cell) membrane ATPases via conformational changes, which results in cell volume control (Moeckel et al 2002). Earlier, we reported the protective effect of betaine on antioxidant status (Ganesan et al 2008b), mitochondrial function (Ganesan et al 2007a), protein and glycoprotein metabolism (Ganesan et al 2007b), and lipid metabolism (Ganesan et al 2008a) in isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in Wistar rats. In the present study, an attempt was made to assess the protective effects of betaine on isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction with respect to changes in the levels of lysosomal enzymes and lipid peroxidation.…”

Partial Replacement of Dietary Methionine with Betaine and Choline in Heat-Stressed Broiler Chickens

“…The glutathione antioxidant enzymatic system plays an important role in cellular defense against reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Alirezaei et al, 2012). Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), which are responsible for the destruction of peroxides, have specific roles in protecting tissues from oxidative damage (Sun et al, 2008;Ganesan et al, 2011). A reduction in the activity of these enzymes may lead to the formation of O 2 -and H 2 O 2 when birds experience oxidative stress, which in turn can lead to increased hydroxyl radical formation with harmful consequences (Kalra et al, 1988).…”

Gaba-betaine modulates SIRT1 and p16INK4A expression during high-glucose induced endothelial cell senescence

“…Evidence, here provided, that the in vitro endothelial beneficial effect of GabaBet against the hGluc detrimental effects occurs through the positive regulation of SIRT1 and negative modulation of p16 INK4A indicate that this betaine display effects similar to those elicited by stachydrine, 18,29 suggesting its potential role as natural bioactive compound in the prevention of hyperglycaemia-induced endothelial dysfunction. A deeper characterization of the metabolism and the molecular mechanism(s) of action of this betaine is critical to understand the differences with GabaBet intermediate in gut microbial metabolism of Lcarnitine to TMAO.…”